{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133616562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2021.0002","title":"Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the process of obtaining cross-sectional area and echo intensity measurements of muscles from ultrasound images","display_name":"Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the process of obtaining cross-sectional area and echo intensity measurements of muscles from ultrasound images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133616562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2021.0002","mag":"3133616562","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33791111","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8008133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15557/jou.2021.0002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2021.0002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2021.0002","pdf_url":"http://jultrason.pl/artykul.php?a=898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738215655","display_name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","issn_l":"2084-8404","issn":["2084-8404","2451-070X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317365","host_organization_name":"Medical Communications Sp. z o.o.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317365"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medical Communications Sp. z o.o."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://jultrason.pl/artykul.php?a=898","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003635205","display_name":"Eric J. Sobolewski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86115722","display_name":"Furman University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ytb9n23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86115722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric J. Sobolewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molnar Human Performance Lab, Furman University, Greenville SC, USA","Furman University 3300 Poinsett Hwy, Greenville, SC, USA 29613;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molnar Human Performance Lab, Furman University, Greenville SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86115722"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Furman University 3300 Poinsett Hwy, Greenville, SC, USA 29613;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86115722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073567024","display_name":"Leah D. Wein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86115722","display_name":"Furman University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ytb9n23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86115722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leah D. Wein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molnar Human Performance Lab, Furman University, Greenville SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molnar Human Performance Lab, Furman University, Greenville SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86115722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064624756","display_name":"Jacquelyn Crow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86115722","display_name":"Furman University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ytb9n23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86115722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacquelyn M. Crow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molnar Human Performance Lab, Furman University, Greenville SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molnar Human Performance Lab, Furman University, Greenville SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86115722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071765483","display_name":"Kaitlyn M. Carpenter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86115722","display_name":"Furman University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ytb9n23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86115722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaitlyn M. Carpenter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molnar Human Performance Lab, Furman University, Greenville SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molnar Human Performance Lab, Furman University, Greenville SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86115722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003635205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86115722"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1594,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81041785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"84","first_page":"e7","last_page":"e11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.4611999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.4611999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12279","display_name":"Body Composition Measurement Techniques","score":0.3537999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11738","display_name":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","score":0.042399998754262924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intra-rater-reliability","display_name":"intra-rater reliability","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-rater-reliability","display_name":"inter-rater reliability","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-ultrasound","display_name":"muscle ultrasound","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-sectional-area","display_name":"cross-sectional area","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo-intensity","display_name":"echo intensity","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectus-femoris","display_name":"rectus femoris","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vastus-lateralis","display_name":"vastus lateralis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcutaneous-fat-thickness","display_name":"subcutaneous fat thickness","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-reproducibility","display_name":"measurement reproducibility","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7287331819534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6854721903800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.6768026351928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992798094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grey scale","level":2,"score":0.5868856906890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5838147401809692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.5014071464538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.4386633038520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61863361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470749","display_name":"Inter-rater reliability","level":3,"score":0.4383968114852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.39851686358451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.35549604892730713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24806123971939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1664625108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1572234034538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15131878852844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1004922091960907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15557/jou.2021.0002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2021.0002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2021.0002","pdf_url":"http://jultrason.pl/artykul.php?a=898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738215655","display_name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","issn_l":"2084-8404","issn":["2084-8404","2451-070X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317365","host_organization_name":"Medical Communications Sp. z o.o.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317365"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medical Communications Sp. z o.o."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8008133","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8008133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Ultrason","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:33791111","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33791111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of ultrasonography","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3e01bc5804f94a45b36fb2711b5d574c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3e01bc5804f94a45b36fb2711b5d574c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ultrasonography, Vol 21, Iss 84, Pp 7-11 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15557/jou.2021.0002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2021.0002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2021.0002","pdf_url":"http://jultrason.pl/artykul.php?a=898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738215655","display_name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","issn_l":"2084-8404","issn":["2084-8404","2451-070X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317365","host_organization_name":"Medical Communications Sp. z o.o.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317365"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medical Communications Sp. z o.o."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Ultrasonography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133616562.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133616562.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571673129","https://openalex.org/W1936711188","https://openalex.org/W1963428859","https://openalex.org/W1980721081","https://openalex.org/W1981475369","https://openalex.org/W2018496664","https://openalex.org/W2026612021","https://openalex.org/W2031596388","https://openalex.org/W2041840600","https://openalex.org/W2045189497","https://openalex.org/W2046140319","https://openalex.org/W2055276489","https://openalex.org/W2057784568","https://openalex.org/W2069796263","https://openalex.org/W2078576859","https://openalex.org/W2122622404","https://openalex.org/W2133475492","https://openalex.org/W2136563421","https://openalex.org/W2144181217","https://openalex.org/W2153222123","https://openalex.org/W2522218099","https://openalex.org/W2540081978","https://openalex.org/W2775331259","https://openalex.org/W2808245430","https://openalex.org/W2810834359","https://openalex.org/W2962475525","https://openalex.org/W3019691228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3165014470","https://openalex.org/W4225264551","https://openalex.org/W2770009787","https://openalex.org/W2969797904","https://openalex.org/W3185325860","https://openalex.org/W4408124732","https://openalex.org/W2775331259","https://openalex.org/W7084755015","https://openalex.org/W4408541639","https://openalex.org/W2592006084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"The":[1,88],"use":[2],"of":[3,21,39,49,70,168],"ultrasound":[4,36,55,68],"images":[5,56,69,77,96],"for":[6,100,114,119],"analyzing":[7,35,54],"muscle":[8],"quality":[9],"and":[10,31,46,61,65,74,80,82,108,121,145,147,171,195],"size":[11],"is":[12],"continuing":[13],"to":[14,25,57,93,133,161,185,192],"grow":[15],"in":[16,34,203],"the":[17,44,50,71,95,141,151,182,193],"literature.":[18],"However,":[19,187],"many":[20],"these":[22],"manuscripts":[23],"fail":[24],"properly":[26],"describe":[27],"their":[28],"measurement":[29,116],"techniques":[30],"steps":[32,51],"involved":[33,52],"images.":[37],"Aim":[38],"this":[40],"study:":[41],"To":[42],"evaluate":[43],"intra-":[45,120],"inter-rater":[47,122],"reliability":[48,126,156,188],"when":[53],"measure":[58],"cross-sectional":[59,106,169],"area":[60,170],"echo":[62,109,137,172,179],"intensity.":[63,110],"Material":[64],"methods:":[66],"Twenty":[67],"rectus":[72],"femoris":[73],"vastus":[75],"lateralis":[76],"were":[78,91],"blinded":[79],"replicated,":[81],"then":[83,90],"analyzed":[84],"by":[85],"experienced":[86],"raters.":[87],"raters":[89],"asked":[92],"analyze":[94],"using":[97],"open-source":[98],"software":[99],"scaling":[101,146],"measurements,":[102],"subcutaneous":[103],"fat":[104],"thickness,":[105],"area,":[107],"Matched":[111],"image":[112],"values":[113,139],"each":[115],"where":[117],"compared":[118],"reliability.":[123],"Results:":[124],"Intra-rater":[125],"ranged":[127,157],"from":[128,158],"fair":[129],"(ICC3,1":[130],"=":[131],"0.32)":[132],"high":[134,162],"(0.98),":[135],"with":[136,178],"intensity":[138,173,180],"being":[140,150,181],"least":[142],"reliable":[143,153],"(>0.55),":[144],"depth":[148],"measurements":[149],"most":[152,183],"(<0.85).":[154],"Inter-rater":[155],"good":[159],"(0.77)":[160],"(0.97).":[163],"Conclusion:":[164],"Ultrasound-":[165],"derived":[166],"measures":[167,189],"can":[174],"be":[175,200],"measured":[176],"reliably,":[177],"difficult":[184],"replicate.":[186],"are":[190],"unique":[191],"rater":[194],"study":[196],"and,":[197],"therefore,":[198],"should":[199],"clearly":[201],"reported":[202],"every":[204],"paper.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}
