{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133614619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00843-5","title":"Life sciences intellectual property licensing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology","display_name":"Life sciences intellectual property licensing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133614619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00843-5","mag":"3133614619","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33692518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41587-021-00843-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00843-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00843-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106963461","display_name":"Nature Biotechnology","issn_l":"0733-222X","issn":["0733-222X","1087-0156","1546-1696","2331-3684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029899578","display_name":"Samuel T. Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039593962","display_name":"Kien Wei Siah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-7030","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-7030"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kien Wei Siah","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, USA","MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7837-7030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085285657","display_name":"Detelina Vasileva","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Detelina Vasileva","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025477564","display_name":"Shirley Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirley Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013393419","display_name":"Lita L. Nelsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lita Nelsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA","MIT Technology Licensing Office, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Technology Licensing Office, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109980718","display_name":"Andrew W. Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-7773","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-7773"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308548392","display_name":"Santa Fe Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01arysc35","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258931","display_name":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e85r662","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew W. Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA. alo-admin@mit.edu","MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, USA. alo-admin@mit.edu","MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA. alo-admin@mit.edu","Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA. alo-admin@mit.edu","MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-7773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA. alo-admin@mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, USA. alo-admin@mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA. alo-admin@mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA. alo-admin@mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109980718"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392","https://openalex.org/I4405258931","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":11390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":11390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6688,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"293","last_page":"301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14293","display_name":"Biotechnology and Related Fields","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-licensing","display_name":"technology licensing","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massachusetts-institute-of-technology","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-startups","display_name":"biotechnology startups","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutics","display_name":"therapeutics","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patents","display_name":"patents","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orange-book","display_name":"Orange Book","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fda-drug-approval","display_name":"FDA drug approval","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-candidates","display_name":"drug candidates","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mergers-and-acquisitions","display_name":"mergers and acquisitions","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-raising","display_name":"capital raising","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmet-medical-needs","display_name":"unmet medical needs","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopharmaceutical-innovation","display_name":"biopharmaceutical innovation","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.8381297588348389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.7621705532073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.51237952709198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4477059841156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21333345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519843","display_name":"Health technology","level":3,"score":0.4423219561576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985879086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061910","display_name":"Technology transfer","level":2,"score":0.4203093349933624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.25204211473464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.24655300378799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13130205869674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000047","descriptor_name":"Academies and Institutes","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001690","descriptor_name":"Biological Science Disciplines","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001709","descriptor_name":"Biotechnology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004345","descriptor_name":"Drug Industry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008004","descriptor_name":"Licensure","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008404","descriptor_name":"Massachusetts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018973","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Property","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41587-021-00843-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00843-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-00843-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106963461","display_name":"Nature Biotechnology","issn_l":"0733-222X","issn":["0733-222X","1087-0156","1546-1696","2331-3684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33692518","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33692518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature biotechnology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509721772","https://openalex.org/W1597439812","https://openalex.org/W1977198247","https://openalex.org/W1978880915","https://openalex.org/W2029774593","https://openalex.org/W2062092016","https://openalex.org/W2137521215","https://openalex.org/W2415117000","https://openalex.org/W2758817823","https://openalex.org/W2917142877","https://openalex.org/W4230723425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241815573","https://openalex.org/W2157049632","https://openalex.org/W1578397940","https://openalex.org/W2188732143","https://openalex.org/W3125053505","https://openalex.org/W107417144","https://openalex.org/W1563276794","https://openalex.org/W1504128795","https://openalex.org/W2107410097","https://openalex.org/W3124469323"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}