{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133605044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","title":"Socioeconomic, racial and ethnic differences in patient experience of clinician empathy: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Socioeconomic, racial and ethnic differences in patient experience of clinician empathy: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133605044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","mag":"3133605044","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33657153","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7928470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0247259&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0247259&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082746681","display_name":"Brian W. Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-997X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-997X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089330","display_name":"Cooper Medical School of Rowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007evha27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085","https://openalex.org/I44265643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157085","display_name":"Cooper Norcross Health","ror":"https://ror.org/056nm0533","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian W. Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["From Cooper University Health Care and the Center for Humanism at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA","Center for Humanism, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-997X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From Cooper University Health Care and the Center for Humanism at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Humanism, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083580099","display_name":"Nitin Puri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-4428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-4428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089330","display_name":"Cooper Medical School of Rowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007evha27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085","https://openalex.org/I44265643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157085","display_name":"Cooper Norcross Health","ror":"https://ror.org/056nm0533","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitin K. Puri","raw_affiliation_strings":["From Cooper University Health Care and the Center for Humanism at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA","Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From Cooper University Health Care and the Center for Humanism at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082628327","display_name":"Christian J. Trzeciak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089330","display_name":"Cooper Medical School of Rowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007evha27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085","https://openalex.org/I44265643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157085","display_name":"Cooper Norcross Health","ror":"https://ror.org/056nm0533","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian J. Trzeciak","raw_affiliation_strings":["From Cooper University Health Care and the Center for Humanism at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA","Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From Cooper University Health Care and the Center for Humanism at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053974105","display_name":"Anthony J. Mazzarelli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089330","display_name":"Cooper Medical School of Rowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007evha27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085","https://openalex.org/I44265643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157085","display_name":"Cooper Norcross Health","ror":"https://ror.org/056nm0533","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony J. Mazzarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["From Cooper University Health Care and the Center for Humanism at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA","Center for Humanism, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From Cooper University Health Care and the Center for Humanism at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Humanism, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052413634","display_name":"Stephen Trzeciak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7048-3330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7048-3330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089330","display_name":"Cooper Medical School of Rowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007evha27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085","https://openalex.org/I44265643"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157085","display_name":"Cooper Norcross Health","ror":"https://ror.org/056nm0533","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Trzeciak","raw_affiliation_strings":["From Cooper University Health Care and the Center for Humanism at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA","Center for Humanism, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7048-3330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From Cooper University Health Care and the Center for Humanism at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Humanism, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157085"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082746681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085"],"apc_list":{"value":1749,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1749},"apc_paid":{"value":1749,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1749},"fwci":1.7162,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84630085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"e0247259","last_page":"e0247259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11999","display_name":"Empathy and Medical Education","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11999","display_name":"Empathy and Medical Education","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10827","display_name":"Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12194","display_name":"Cultural Competency in Health Care","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-empathy","display_name":"clinical empathy","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-experience","display_name":"patient experience","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-disparities","display_name":"health care disparities","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/care-measure","display_name":"CARE measure","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-equity","display_name":"health care equity","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-physician-communication","display_name":"patient-physician communication","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-patients","display_name":"Black patients","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.9088391065597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781145037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5011772","display_name":"CINAHL","level":3,"score":0.7158817648887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6808189153671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6364896893501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6124919056892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5454403758049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.5020890235900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.49782276153564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4588225185871124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4202059507369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39740025997161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.21200013160705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1869828701019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1573399305343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.13037967681884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004645","descriptor_name":"Empathy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054624","descriptor_name":"Health Status Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0247259&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/2020.07.08.20148858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.20148858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.20148858","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/07/10/2020.07.08.20148858.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7928470","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7928470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:33657153","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33657153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0247259","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fdd90f9461994f079d4e3fd9b012d59a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fdd90f9461994f079d4e3fd9b012d59a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e0247259 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247259","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0247259&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133605044.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133605044.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W246286872","https://openalex.org/W1171401055","https://openalex.org/W1276207796","https://openalex.org/W1492877912","https://openalex.org/W1804917963","https://openalex.org/W1895707846","https://openalex.org/W1963641458","https://openalex.org/W1968199350","https://openalex.org/W1977339353","https://openalex.org/W1979423827","https://openalex.org/W2001371486","https://openalex.org/W2003202103","https://openalex.org/W2018529805","https://openalex.org/W2042572308","https://openalex.org/W2054882214","https://openalex.org/W2056976350","https://openalex.org/W2060410644","https://openalex.org/W2078283303","https://openalex.org/W2083300932","https://openalex.org/W2083527237","https://openalex.org/W2084812001","https://openalex.org/W2098017386","https://openalex.org/W2099352933","https://openalex.org/W2103485312","https://openalex.org/W2107999364","https://openalex.org/W2114067207","https://openalex.org/W2116741872","https://openalex.org/W2117737167","https://openalex.org/W2124150942","https://openalex.org/W2126930838","https://openalex.org/W2127559536","https://openalex.org/W2127960841","https://openalex.org/W2138386680","https://openalex.org/W2150701708","https://openalex.org/W2156098321","https://openalex.org/W2161928962","https://openalex.org/W2169205464","https://openalex.org/W2173740168","https://openalex.org/W2216079545","https://openalex.org/W2254158811","https://openalex.org/W2257592393","https://openalex.org/W2268658427","https://openalex.org/W2318723339","https://openalex.org/W2338561746","https://openalex.org/W2496443148","https://openalex.org/W2567362164","https://openalex.org/W2588681363","https://openalex.org/W2600185116","https://openalex.org/W2612425534","https://openalex.org/W2612891587","https://openalex.org/W2749031264","https://openalex.org/W2770886468","https://openalex.org/W2771803161","https://openalex.org/W2793219863","https://openalex.org/W2801798388","https://openalex.org/W2883160874","https://openalex.org/W2914094209","https://openalex.org/W2916964055","https://openalex.org/W2924142049","https://openalex.org/W2938289937","https://openalex.org/W2945627435","https://openalex.org/W2947170497","https://openalex.org/W2952457198","https://openalex.org/W2952498087","https://openalex.org/W2961038585","https://openalex.org/W2978795816","https://openalex.org/W2987808045","https://openalex.org/W2991792334","https://openalex.org/W3004374864","https://openalex.org/W3009940172","https://openalex.org/W3037440095","https://openalex.org/W3041430913","https://openalex.org/W4294215472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3037440095","https://openalex.org/W4407909924","https://openalex.org/W2113981007","https://openalex.org/W3024309224","https://openalex.org/W4388976950","https://openalex.org/W2412512759","https://openalex.org/W2749031264","https://openalex.org/W2169784466","https://openalex.org/W1968199350","https://openalex.org/W4414722805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Empathy":[1,84],"is":[2,90,230],"essential":[3],"for":[4,19,77,98,137,191,223,235],"high":[5],"quality":[6],"health":[7,35,246],"care.":[8],"Health":[9],"care":[10,36,247],"disparities":[11,27,54,239],"may":[12,221],"reflect":[13],"a":[14,64],"systemic":[15],"lack":[16],"of":[17,31,59,193,208],"empathy":[18,32,101,138,169,186,219,242],"disadvantaged":[20],"people;":[21],"however,":[22],"few":[23],"data":[24,112,216],"exist":[25,55,222],"on":[26],"in":[28,56,240],"patient":[29,104],"experience":[30,58],"during":[33],"face-to-face":[34],"encounters":[37],"with":[38,225],"individual":[39],"clinicians.":[40],"We":[41,106,118,127,153],"systematically":[42],"analyzed":[43],"the":[44,80,91,103],"literature":[45],"to":[46,88,121,135,157,180,183,232],"test":[47,136,234],"if":[48],"socioeconomic":[49],"status":[50],"(SES)":[51],"and":[52,75,82,95,142,202,237,243],"race/ethnicity":[53,195,238],"patient-reported":[57],"clinician":[60,100,241],"empathy.":[61],"METHODS:":[62],"Using":[63],"published":[65],"protocol,":[66],"we":[67],"searched":[68],"Ovid":[69],"MEDLINE,":[70],"PubMed,":[71],"CINAHL,":[72],"EMBASE,":[73],"CENTRAL":[74],"PsychINFO":[76],"studies":[78,108,146],"using":[79,131],"Consultation":[81],"Relational":[83],"(CARE)":[85],"Measure,":[86],"which":[87],"date":[89],"most":[92],"commonly":[93],"used":[94],"well-validated":[96],"methodology":[97],"measuring":[99],"from":[102,170],"perspective.":[105],"included":[107],"containing":[109],"CARE":[110],"Measure":[111],"stratified":[113,123],"by":[114,140],"SES":[115,141,160,165,236],"and/or":[116],"race/ethnicity.":[117,143],"contacted":[119],"authors":[120],"request":[122],"data,":[124],"when":[125],"necessary.":[126],"performed":[128],"quantitative":[129],"meta-analyses":[130],"random":[132],"effects":[133],"models":[134],"differences":[139,210],"RESULTS:":[144],"Eighteen":[145],"(n":[147],"=":[148,174],"9,708":[149],"patients)":[150],"were":[151,188],"included.":[152],"found":[154],"that,":[155],"compared":[156],"patients":[158,166,192,224],"whose":[159],"was":[161],"not":[162],"low,":[163],"low":[164,226],"experienced":[167],"lower":[168,190],"clinicians":[171],"(mean":[172],"difference":[173],"-0.87":[175],"[95%":[176],"confidence":[177],"interval":[178],"-1.72":[179],"-0.02]).":[181],"Compared":[182],"white":[184],"patients,":[185],"scores":[187],"numerically":[189],"multiple":[194],"groups":[196],"(Black/African":[197],"American,":[198,201],"Asian,":[199],"Native":[200],"all":[203],"non-whites":[204],"combined)":[205],"but":[206],"none":[207],"these":[209],"reached":[211],"statistical":[212],"significance.":[213],"CONCLUSION:":[214],"These":[215],"suggest":[217],"an":[218],"gap":[220],"SES.":[227],"More":[228],"research":[229],"needed":[231],"further":[233],"help":[244],"promote":[245],"equity.":[248],"TRIAL":[249],"REGISTRATION:":[250],"Registration":[251],"(PROSPERO):":[252],"CRD42019142809.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00"}