{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133414941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2020-0419","title":"Self-employment and economic growth in developing countries: is more self-employment better?","display_name":"Self-employment and economic growth in developing countries: is more self-employment better?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133414941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2020-0419","mag":"3133414941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/jes-08-2020-0419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2020-0419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2020-0419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158705510","display_name":"Journal of Economic Studies","issn_l":"0144-3585","issn":["0144-3585","1758-7387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economic Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077030641","display_name":"Sridevi Yerrabati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6297-3049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6297-3049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45998257","display_name":"Sohar University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ftvf862","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45998257"]}],"countries":["OM"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sridevi Yerrabati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45998257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077030641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45998257"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2825,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82087356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"2","first_page":"315","last_page":"329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.5342000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.5342000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.19840000569820404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.1143999993801117,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-employment","display_name":"self-employment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-relationship","display_name":"nonlinear relationship","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-shaped-relationship","display_name":"U-shaped relationship","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-self-employment","display_name":"female self-employment","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-effects","display_name":"threshold effects","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-employment-policy","display_name":"self-employment policy","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778000738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005490","display_name":"Self-employment","level":3,"score":0.8338454365730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178300618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898509","display_name":"Extant taxon","level":2,"score":0.6641615629196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.6471590995788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6191477179527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162748667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q683131","display_name":"Generalized method of moments","level":3,"score":0.5979169607162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.582339346408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5626531839370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.5492340922355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5051799416542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.49897074699401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.49836134910583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.410386323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4022355079650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3383685350418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.22547703981399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19950684905052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.14134088158607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10779666900634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09984466433525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09727990627288818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11012388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658","display_name":"Creativity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/jes-08-2020-0419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2020-0419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2020-0419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158705510","display_name":"Journal of Economic Studies","issn_l":"0144-3585","issn":["0144-3585","1758-7387"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economic Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55414676","https://openalex.org/W1505201708","https://openalex.org/W1528134887","https://openalex.org/W1537892272","https://openalex.org/W1541914996","https://openalex.org/W1561072825","https://openalex.org/W1715038780","https://openalex.org/W1975830170","https://openalex.org/W1984544116","https://openalex.org/W2010235856","https://openalex.org/W2011474190","https://openalex.org/W2018658243","https://openalex.org/W2023176192","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2027071999","https://openalex.org/W2027292192","https://openalex.org/W2035554302","https://openalex.org/W2040183301","https://openalex.org/W2041692102","https://openalex.org/W2045255837","https://openalex.org/W2050255457","https://openalex.org/W2066823663","https://openalex.org/W2075646768","https://openalex.org/W2079713995","https://openalex.org/W2082154278","https://openalex.org/W2083485815","https://openalex.org/W2088378582","https://openalex.org/W2091694731","https://openalex.org/W2106345821","https://openalex.org/W2109437759","https://openalex.org/W2117691354","https://openalex.org/W2125826975","https://openalex.org/W2144357229","https://openalex.org/W2146267578","https://openalex.org/W2146411203","https://openalex.org/W2149161297","https://openalex.org/W2158439278","https://openalex.org/W2162484441","https://openalex.org/W2166974667","https://openalex.org/W2321741984","https://openalex.org/W2752116215","https://openalex.org/W2891054941","https://openalex.org/W2910573377","https://openalex.org/W2988039629","https://openalex.org/W3022550709","https://openalex.org/W3121403162","https://openalex.org/W3123200913","https://openalex.org/W3124486793","https://openalex.org/W3126027997","https://openalex.org/W4231721874","https://openalex.org/W4398607109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075646768","https://openalex.org/W4200186929","https://openalex.org/W4366528364","https://openalex.org/W2002668339","https://openalex.org/W1923604397","https://openalex.org/W4210507980","https://openalex.org/W2564638728","https://openalex.org/W1525845813","https://openalex.org/W1544940610","https://openalex.org/W2155767032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,36,76,95,111],"study":[2,158],"aims":[3],"to":[4,116,153,163,179],"examine":[5,164],"the":[6,16,42,48,53,92,124,132,135,146,160,165,180,184,187],"non-linear":[7,81],"relationship":[8,85,167,185],"between":[9,59,86,168,186],"self-employment":[10,60,87,102,105,143,150,169],"and":[11,47,61,68,70,82,88,103,109,120,141,170],"economic":[12],"growth":[13,62],"(growth)":[14],"in":[15],"context":[17],"of":[18,26,123,131,149],"developing":[19,28],"countries.":[20],"Design/methodology/approach":[21],"Data":[22],"from":[23],"a":[24,31,80,83,176],"sample":[25],"83":[27],"countries":[29],"covering":[30],"period":[32],"2002\u20132015":[33],"is":[34,39,63,151,159],"used.":[35],"empirical":[37,77,166],"analysis":[38,78],"based":[40],"on":[41,183],"dynamic":[43],"panel":[44],"data":[45],"estimation,":[46],"results":[49],"are":[50,106,113],"estimated":[51],"using":[52,65],"two-step":[54],"system":[55],"GMM":[56],"technique.":[57],"Non-linearity":[58],"validated":[64],"Sasabuchi":[66],"(1980)":[67],"Lind":[69],"Mehlum":[71],"(2010)":[72],"(SLM)":[73],"test.":[74,94],"Findings":[75],"suggests":[79],"U-shaped":[84],"growth,":[89],"confirmed":[90],"by":[91],"SLM":[93],"threshold":[96],"levels":[97],"for":[98,137],"total":[99],"self-employment,":[100],"female":[101],"male":[104],"57.49%,":[107],"58.86":[108],"55.81%.":[110],"findings":[112,133],"also":[114],"robust":[115],"alternate":[117,121],"estimation":[118],"technique":[119],"measure":[122],"dependent":[125],"variable.":[126],"Practical":[127],"implications":[128,130],"Policy":[129],"include":[134],"need":[136],"policies":[138],"that":[139],"foster":[140],"channel":[142],"properly":[144],"as":[145],"higher":[147],"level":[148],"found":[152],"benefit":[154],"growth.":[155,171],"Originality/value":[156],"This":[157],"first":[161],"attempt":[162],"As":[172],"such,":[173],"it":[174],"makes":[175],"novel":[177],"contribution":[178],"extant":[181],"literature":[182],"two":[188],"variables.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-19T09:35:57.686232","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}
