{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133400370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621899","title":"An Approach to Improve the Misalignment and Wireless Power Transfer into Biomedical Implants Using Meandered Wearable Loop Antenna","display_name":"An Approach to Improve the Misalignment and Wireless Power Transfer into Biomedical Implants Using Meandered Wearable Loop Antenna","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133400370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621899","mag":"3133400370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6621899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621899","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wpt/2021/6621899.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228024","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer","issn_l":"2052-8418","issn":["2052-8418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Power Transfer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wpt/2021/6621899.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017269620","display_name":"Muayad Kod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3184-4623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3184-4623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142005","display_name":"University of Kerbala","ror":"https://ror.org/0449bkp65","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142005"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muayad Kod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021238931","display_name":"Jiafeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3940-3320","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3940-3320","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-3932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiafeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Electronics , e University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK","Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Electronics , e University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741261","display_name":"Yi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-1024","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-1024"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Electronics , e University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK","Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Electronics , e University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Electronics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072754945","display_name":"Muaad Naser Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0612-4322","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0612-4322"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145266","display_name":"Southern Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sax3264","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145266"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muaad Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Power Techniques Engineering, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Power Techniques Engineering, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043649993","display_name":"Abed Pour Sohrab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-9736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-9736"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abed P. Sohrab","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049863539","display_name":"Chaoyun Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-3156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-3156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoyun Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021238931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3219,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78282602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"6621899","last_page":"6621899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop-antenna","display_name":"loop antenna","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meandered-antenna","display_name":"meandered antenna","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-antennas","display_name":"wearable antennas","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implantable-antenna","display_name":"implantable antenna","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-misalignment","display_name":"antenna misalignment","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field-distribution","display_name":"magnetic field distribution","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectenna","display_name":"rectenna","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-implants","display_name":"biomedical implants","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-pacemaker","display_name":"cardiac pacemaker","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurostimulation","display_name":"neurostimulation","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose-measurement","display_name":"glucose measurement","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/433-mhz-ism-band","display_name":"433 MHz ISM band","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-miniaturization","display_name":"antenna miniaturization","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.7443844079971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46526593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1748579","display_name":"Rectenna","level":4,"score":0.719351053237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6384150981903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103352","display_name":"Maximum power transfer theorem","level":3,"score":0.5747553706169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.552553117275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155711043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381015","display_name":"Loop antenna","level":5,"score":0.5257657170295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5223418474197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.47840604186058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4743598401546478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4185444116592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38737255334854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35222941637039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32308971881866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2573350667953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.24597030878067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22449448704719543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.19230371713638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196931383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771253","display_name":"Antenna factor","level":4,"score":0.16831248998641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1066659688949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50942859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4967193","display_name":"Rectification","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6621899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621899","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wpt/2021/6621899.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228024","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer","issn_l":"2052-8418","issn":["2052-8418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Power Transfer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2021/6621899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621899","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/wpt/2021/6621899.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228024","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer","issn_l":"2052-8418","issn":["2052-8418"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Power Transfer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4467824990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D-10/66","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326118","funder_display_name":"Higher Committee for Education Development in Iraq"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326118","display_name":"Higher Committee for Education Development in Iraq","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnaaa58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133400370.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133400370.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576000795","https://openalex.org/W1905801167","https://openalex.org/W1971550940","https://openalex.org/W1981860553","https://openalex.org/W2003945971","https://openalex.org/W2007705334","https://openalex.org/W2025060529","https://openalex.org/W2047584207","https://openalex.org/W2048368619","https://openalex.org/W2050218040","https://openalex.org/W2052410984","https://openalex.org/W2057476537","https://openalex.org/W2059519270","https://openalex.org/W2084286115","https://openalex.org/W2089471207","https://openalex.org/W2096008809","https://openalex.org/W2101118284","https://openalex.org/W2101332905","https://openalex.org/W2113017191","https://openalex.org/W2114841428","https://openalex.org/W2119142134","https://openalex.org/W2126408721","https://openalex.org/W2135354343","https://openalex.org/W2151270164","https://openalex.org/W2151445124","https://openalex.org/W2162303533","https://openalex.org/W2166561245","https://openalex.org/W2241057140","https://openalex.org/W2276877874","https://openalex.org/W2334531660","https://openalex.org/W2524101520","https://openalex.org/W2582902645","https://openalex.org/W2592505118","https://openalex.org/W2772360226","https://openalex.org/W2792042190","https://openalex.org/W2902636879","https://openalex.org/W2902722753","https://openalex.org/W2921446145","https://openalex.org/W2947001064","https://openalex.org/W2959333466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7137020824","https://openalex.org/W3200202777","https://openalex.org/W4387314865","https://openalex.org/W2921446145","https://openalex.org/W4385153876","https://openalex.org/W4385626957","https://openalex.org/W3185961723","https://openalex.org/W2540860625","https://openalex.org/W4296079234","https://openalex.org/W4394994382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"approach":[1],"to":[2,8,127,132,140,149,170],"improve":[3],"wireless":[4],"power":[5,138,155,172],"transfer":[6],"(WPT)":[7],"implantable":[9,110,135],"medical":[10,111],"devices":[11],"using":[12],"loop":[13,59],"antennas":[14,62,76],"is":[15,156,159],"presented.":[16],"The":[17,137],"antenna":[18,38,131],"exhibits":[19],"strong":[20],"magnetic":[21],"field":[22],"and":[23,50,71,84,92,190],"dense":[24],"flux":[25],"line":[26],"distribution":[27],"along":[28],"two":[29],"orthogonal":[30],"axes":[31],"by":[32],"insetting":[33],"the":[34,37,48,72,80,93,107,130,162],"port":[35],"inside":[36],"area.":[39],"This":[40,165],"design":[41,166],"shows":[42],"excellent":[43],"performance":[44],"against":[45],"misalignment":[46],"in":[47],"y-direction":[49],"higher":[51],"WPT":[52,91,108],"as":[53],"compared":[54],"with":[55,116,129],"a":[56,113,117,141,173,175,180],"traditional":[57],"square":[58],"antenna.":[60],"Two":[61],"were":[63],"optimized":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66],"this":[67],"approach,":[68],"one":[69],"wearable":[70],"other":[73],"implantable.":[74],"Both":[75],"work":[77],"at":[78],"both":[79],"ISM":[81],"(Industrial,":[82],"Scientific,":[83],"Medical)":[85],"band":[86,99],"of":[87,100,119,143],"433":[88],"MHz":[89,102],"for":[90,103,109],"MedRadio":[94],"(Medical":[95],"Device":[96],"Radiocommunications":[97],"Service)":[98],"401\u2013406":[101],"communications.":[104],"To":[105],"test":[106],"devices,":[112],"miniaturized":[114],"rectifier":[115],"size":[118],"10":[120],"mm":[121,124],"\u00d7":[122],"5":[123],"was":[125],"designed":[126],"integrate":[128],"form":[133],"an":[134],"rectenna.":[136],"delivered":[139],"load":[142],"4.7":[144],"k\u03a9":[145],"can":[146,167],"be":[147,168],"up":[148],"1150":[150],"\u03bcW":[151,192],"when":[152],"230":[153],"mW":[154],"transmitted":[157],"which":[158,184],"still":[160],"under":[161],"safety":[163],"limit.":[164],"used":[169],"directly":[171],"pacemaker,":[174],"nerve":[176],"stimulation":[177],"device,":[178],"or":[179],"glucose":[181],"measurement":[182],"system":[183],"requires":[185],"70":[186],"\u03bcW,":[187,189],"100":[188],"48":[191],"DC":[193],"power,":[194],"respectively.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}