{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133083263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051586","title":"Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)","display_name":"Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133083263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051586","mag":"3133083263","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33668311","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7956674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1586/pdf?version=1614322707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1586/pdf?version=1614322707","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061237793","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Rold\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-813X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-813X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Rold\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7298-813X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056637200","display_name":"P. A. Kyriacou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-485X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-485X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panayiotis A. Kyriacou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-485X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Sciences and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056637200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2376},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2376},"fwci":2.3724,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91573604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1586","last_page":"1586"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.036400001496076584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"near-infrared spectroscopy","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-oxygenation-monitoring","display_name":"cerebral oxygenation monitoring","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-autoregulation","display_name":"cerebral autoregulation","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-brain-injury","display_name":"secondary brain injury","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-brain-monitoring","display_name":"non-invasive brain monitoring","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-perfusion","display_name":"cerebral perfusion","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatially-resolved-spectroscopy","display_name":"spatially resolved spectroscopy","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-nirs","display_name":"continuous-wave NIRS","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tbi-diagnosis","display_name":"TBI diagnosis","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","level":2,"score":0.8609755039215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6614727973937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111774379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364253","display_name":"Autoregulation","level":3,"score":0.5302977561950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994270601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Brain trauma","level":3,"score":0.4889615774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.37986263632774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.33112820982933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2525539696216583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.15274927020072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.07185041904449463}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000070642","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries, Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008991","descriptor_name":"Monitoring, Physiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019265","descriptor_name":"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1586/pdf?version=1614322707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33668311","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33668311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7956674","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7956674/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:25969","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/p=2Ekyriacou.html>","pdf_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/25969/1/sensors-21-01586-v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:300fbb8e48f54f9a97041847bb3c0b4b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/300fbb8e48f54f9a97041847bb3c0b4b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 21, Iss 5, p 1586 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s21051586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1586/pdf?version=1614322707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6063271593","display_name":"A non-invasive intracranial pressure (nICP) monitoring system","funder_award_id":"II-LA-0216-20005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133083263.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133083263.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125715088","https://openalex.org/W135892196","https://openalex.org/W152281622","https://openalex.org/W224496295","https://openalex.org/W428131181","https://openalex.org/W589306546","https://openalex.org/W987090801","https://openalex.org/W1515993210","https://openalex.org/W1518580356","https://openalex.org/W1542163410","https://openalex.org/W1590541970","https://openalex.org/W1604885196","https://openalex.org/W1787915793","https://openalex.org/W1829147293","https://openalex.org/W1887566604","https://openalex.org/W1888685070","https://openalex.org/W1929032536","https://openalex.org/W1971144058","https://openalex.org/W1978299946","https://openalex.org/W1980016862","https://openalex.org/W1982133775","https://openalex.org/W2011305231","https://openalex.org/W2022036219","https://openalex.org/W2027173598","https://openalex.org/W2029676711","https://openalex.org/W2037420647","https://openalex.org/W2037609230","https://openalex.org/W2043186411","https://openalex.org/W2048820892","https://openalex.org/W2052620635","https://openalex.org/W2053022094","https://openalex.org/W2053356496","https://openalex.org/W2060068130","https://openalex.org/W2061488476","https://openalex.org/W2072019643","https://openalex.org/W2073418415","https://openalex.org/W2075129516","https://openalex.org/W2077822917","https://openalex.org/W2079334018","https://openalex.org/W2085141343","https://openalex.org/W2085624360","https://openalex.org/W2090816603","https://openalex.org/W2095211141","https://openalex.org/W2096732105","https://openalex.org/W2097396456","https://openalex.org/W2099299143","https://openalex.org/W2102120269","https://openalex.org/W2103553582","https://openalex.org/W2105824006","https://openalex.org/W2141580262","https://openalex.org/W2144360571","https://openalex.org/W2149936830","https://openalex.org/W2150476025","https://openalex.org/W2152611882","https://openalex.org/W2160009615","https://openalex.org/W2161521497","https://openalex.org/W2162239083","https://openalex.org/W2172923322","https://openalex.org/W2228355773","https://openalex.org/W2342686486","https://openalex.org/W2344156974","https://openalex.org/W2374989802","https://openalex.org/W2481725934","https://openalex.org/W2491674027","https://openalex.org/W2504205423","https://openalex.org/W2512068169","https://openalex.org/W2512314288","https://openalex.org/W2565061320","https://openalex.org/W2606329173","https://openalex.org/W2619618581","https://openalex.org/W2734509974","https://openalex.org/W2737886948","https://openalex.org/W2767813783","https://openalex.org/W2783256892","https://openalex.org/W2790409223","https://openalex.org/W2806406558","https://openalex.org/W2811031411","https://openalex.org/W2892013739","https://openalex.org/W2913193317","https://openalex.org/W2913329815","https://openalex.org/W2914409323","https://openalex.org/W2916689548","https://openalex.org/W2936851195","https://openalex.org/W2939706897","https://openalex.org/W2944793039","https://openalex.org/W2950585564","https://openalex.org/W2955072314","https://openalex.org/W2957333218","https://openalex.org/W2967613049","https://openalex.org/W2981093111","https://openalex.org/W3012023220","https://openalex.org/W3015309833","https://openalex.org/W3021861392","https://openalex.org/W3080956775","https://openalex.org/W3080986798","https://openalex.org/W4210415518","https://openalex.org/W4230905818"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011024894","https://openalex.org/W2606416336","https://openalex.org/W2342686486","https://openalex.org/W7126931333","https://openalex.org/W4396220732","https://openalex.org/W2957333218","https://openalex.org/W776193763","https://openalex.org/W1983905098","https://openalex.org/W3173263034","https://openalex.org/W2790409223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traumatic":[0],"brain":[1,35,41,56],"injury":[2,42],"(TBI)":[3,43],"occurs":[4],"when":[5,17,27],"a":[6,119,213,226],"sudden":[7],"trauma":[8,192],"causes":[9],"damage":[10],"to":[11,46,157],"the":[12,18,31,62,66,78,98,104,109,163,185,217,234],"brain.":[13,105],"TBI":[14,115],"can":[15,44],"result":[16],"head":[19],"suddenly":[20],"and":[21,33,51,117,127,139,151,174,206,237],"violently":[22],"impacts":[23],"an":[24,28,85,207],"object":[25,29],"or":[26,201],"pierces":[30],"skull":[32],"enters":[34],"tissue.":[36],"Secondary":[37],"injuries":[38,57],"after":[39,65],"traumatic":[40],"lead":[45],"impairments":[47],"on":[48,77,91,125],"cerebral":[49],"oxygenation":[50,126,173],"autoregulation.":[52],"Considering":[53],"that":[54,182,222],"secondary":[55],"often":[58],"take":[59],"place":[60],"within":[61],"first":[63],"hours":[64],"trauma,":[67],"noninvasive":[68,87,228],"monitoring":[69,88,101,116,176,209],"might":[70],"be":[71,225],"helpful":[72],"in":[73,114,144,172],"providing":[74],"early":[75],"information":[76],"brain's":[79],"condition.":[80],"Near-infrared":[81],"spectroscopy":[82,204],"(NIRS)":[83],"is":[84],"emerging":[86],"modality":[89],"based":[90],"chromophore":[92],"absorption":[93],"of":[94,100,103,112,122,136,162,216,240],"infrared":[95],"light":[96],"with":[97,190,197],"capability":[99],"perfusion":[102],"This":[106],"review":[107],"investigates":[108],"main":[110],"applications":[111,124],"NIRS":[113,167,200,205,223],"presents":[118],"thorough":[120],"revision":[121],"those":[123],"autoregulation":[128,175],"monitoring.":[129],"Databases":[130],"such":[131],"as":[132],"PubMed,":[133],"EMBASE,":[134],"Web":[135],"Science,":[137],"Scopus,":[138],"Cochrane":[140],"library":[141],"were":[142,154,187,194],"utilized":[143],"identifying":[145],"72":[146],"publications":[147],"spanning":[148],"between":[149],"1977":[150],"2020":[152],"which":[153],"directly":[155],"relevant":[156],"this":[158],"review.":[159],"The":[160],"majority":[161],"evidence":[164],"found":[165],"used":[166],"for":[168,230],"diagnosis":[169],"applications,":[170],"especially":[171],"(59%).":[177],"It":[178],"was":[179],"not":[180],"surprising":[181],"nearly":[183],"all":[184],"patients":[186],"male":[188],"adults":[189],"severe":[191],"who":[193],"monitored":[195],"mostly":[196],"continue":[198],"wave":[199],"spatially":[202],"resolved":[203],"invasive":[208],"device.":[210],"In":[211],"general,":[212],"high":[214],"proportion":[215],"assessed":[218],"papers":[219],"have":[220],"concluded":[221],"could":[224],"potential":[227],"technique":[229],"assessing":[231],"TBI,":[232],"despite":[233],"various":[235],"methodological":[236],"technological":[238],"limitations":[239],"NIRS.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}