{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133033995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9348129","title":"Learning Constellation Map with Deep CNN for Accurate Modulation Recognition","display_name":"Learning Constellation Map with Deep CNN for Accurate Modulation Recognition","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133033995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9348129","mag":"3133033995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9348129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9348129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9348129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205019","display_name":"Globecom","issn_l":"1930-529X","issn":["1930-529X","2576-764X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02026","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035179778","display_name":"Van\u2010Sang Doan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-4341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-4341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van-Sang Doan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059877507","display_name":"Thien Huynh\u2010The","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-2935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-2935"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thien Huynh-The","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032252674","display_name":"Cam-Hao Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2556-4991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2556-4991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cam-Hao Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyung Hee University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyung Hee University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062525719","display_name":"Quoc\u2010Viet Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-9216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-9216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quoc-Viet Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Computer, Information and Communication, Pusan National University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Computer, Information and Communication, Pusan National University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102829948","display_name":"Dong\u2010Seong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-5964","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-5964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Seong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICT Convergence Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3994,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9152102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-modulation-recognition","display_name":"automatic modulation classification","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"constellation diagram","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-convolution","display_name":"group convolution","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetric-convolution","display_name":"asymmetric convolution","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skip-connections","display_name":"skip connections","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vanishing-gradient","display_name":"gradient vanishing","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"low signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-modulation","display_name":"digital modulation","score":0.7540000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7653721570968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6413372755050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6370949745178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.5940186977386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5455204844474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5167083740234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45843228697776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3102523684501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20343542098999023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.13299161195755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9348129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9348129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9348129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205019","display_name":"Globecom","issn_l":"1930-529X","issn":["1930-529X","2576-764X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"GLOBECOM 2020 - 2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.02026","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02026","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2009.02026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.02026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.02026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.02026","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.02026","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.02026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2611226961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1I11A01063781","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133033995.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133033995.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039010812","https://openalex.org/W2114267371","https://openalex.org/W2133583242","https://openalex.org/W2560119283","https://openalex.org/W2734967431","https://openalex.org/W2769483473","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2889311032","https://openalex.org/W2901654183","https://openalex.org/W2911016673","https://openalex.org/W2916238263","https://openalex.org/W2916820451","https://openalex.org/W2917006683","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2944843851","https://openalex.org/W2953143151","https://openalex.org/W2956830196","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963537617","https://openalex.org/W2966185236","https://openalex.org/W2987036866","https://openalex.org/W3000943722","https://openalex.org/W3011724393","https://openalex.org/W3017452564","https://openalex.org/W3036710224","https://openalex.org/W3172195905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3115141953","https://openalex.org/W4390611351","https://openalex.org/W3203930980","https://openalex.org/W4410892361","https://openalex.org/W7030384225","https://openalex.org/W4214838845","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W4403827839","https://openalex.org/W3011724393","https://openalex.org/W2963809753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modulation":[0],"classification,":[1],"recognized":[2],"as":[3],"the":[4,28,33,43,86,131,138,142,149,157,162],"intermediate":[5],"step":[6],"between":[7],"signal":[8],"detection":[9],"and":[10,107,181],"demodulation,":[11],"is":[12,81,98],"widely":[13],"deployed":[14],"in":[15,27,111],"several":[16,105,145],"modern":[17],"wireless":[18],"communication":[19],"systems.":[20],"Although":[21],"many":[22],"approaches":[23],"have":[24],"been":[25],"studied":[26],"last":[29],"decades":[30],"for":[31,49,70,83,120],"identifying":[32],"modulation":[34,63,190],"format":[35],"of":[36,45,91,153,166,188],"an":[37,61],"incoming":[38],"signal,":[39],"they":[40],"often":[41],"reveal":[42],"obstacle":[44],"learning":[46,53,69,85],"radio":[47,89],"characteristics":[48,90],"most":[50,87],"traditional":[51],"machine":[52],"algorithms.":[54],"To":[55],"overcome":[56],"this":[57],"drawback,":[58],"we":[59],"propose":[60],"accurate":[62],"classification":[64,164],"method":[65],"by":[66,100,116],"exploiting":[67],"deep":[68,96,159,186],"being":[71],"compatible":[72],"with":[73],"constellation":[74,93,150],"diagram.":[75],"Particularly,":[76],"a":[77,117,176],"convolutional":[78,109],"neural":[79],"network":[80,97,160],"developed":[82],"proficiently":[84],"relevant":[88],"gray-scale":[92],"image.":[94],"The":[95],"specified":[99],"multiple":[101],"processing":[102],"blocks,":[103],"where":[104],"grouped":[106],"asymmetric":[108],"layers":[110],"each":[112],"block":[113],"are":[114,125],"organized":[115],"flow-in-flow":[118],"structure":[119],"feature":[121],"enrichment.":[122],"These":[123],"blocks":[124],"connected":[126],"via":[127],"skip-connection":[128],"to":[129],"prevent":[130],"vanishing":[132],"gradient":[133],"problem":[134],"while":[135],"effectively":[136],"preserving":[137],"information":[139],"identity":[140],"throughout":[141],"network.":[143],"Regarding":[144],"intensive":[146],"simulations":[147],"on":[148],"image":[151],"dataset":[152],"eight":[154],"digital":[155],"modulations,":[156],"proposed":[158],"achieves":[161],"remarkable":[163],"accuracy":[165],"approximately":[167],"87%":[168],"at":[169],"0":[170],"dB":[171],"signal-to-noise":[172],"ratio":[173],"(SNR)":[174],"under":[175],"multipath":[177],"Rayleigh":[178],"fading":[179],"channel":[180],"further":[182],"outperforms":[183],"some":[184],"state-of-the-art":[185],"models":[187],"constellation-based":[189],"classification.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}