{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132842147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.044248","title":"Validity of the Occupational Performance Scale of the Sensory Processing Three Dimensions Measure","display_name":"Validity of the Occupational Performance Scale of the Sensory Processing Three Dimensions Measure","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132842147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.044248","mag":"3132842147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33657351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5014/ajot.2021.044248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.044248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.044248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205451775","display_name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","issn_l":"0272-9490","issn":["0272-9490","1943-7676"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316113","host_organization_name":"American Occupational Therapy Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316113"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Occupational Therapy Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073628802","display_name":"Sarah A. Schoen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-824X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-824X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I866881858","display_name":"Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions","ror":"https://ror.org/02egdz393","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I866881858"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah A. Schoen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sarah A. Schoen, PhD, OTR/L, is Director of Research, STAR Institute, Centennial, CO, and Associate Professor, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT;","Sarah A. Schoen, PhD, OTR/L, is Director of Research, STAR Institute, Centennial, CO, and Associate Professor, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT; Sarah.schoen@spdstar.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sarah A. Schoen, PhD, OTR/L, is Director of Research, STAR Institute, Centennial, CO, and Associate Professor, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I866881858"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sarah A. Schoen, PhD, OTR/L, is Director of Research, STAR Institute, Centennial, CO, and Associate Professor, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT; Sarah.schoen@spdstar.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I866881858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103257885","display_name":"Lucy Jane Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-4807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6849-4807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I866881858","display_name":"Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions","ror":"https://ror.org/02egdz393","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I866881858"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Jane Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lucy Jane Miller, PhD, OTR, is Director Emeritus, STAR Institute, Centennial, CO, and Professor, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lucy Jane Miller, PhD, OTR, is Director Emeritus, STAR Institute, Centennial, CO, and Professor, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I866881858"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047366904","display_name":"Shelley E. Mulligan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shelley Mulligan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shelley Mulligan, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of New Hampshire, Durham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shelley Mulligan, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of New Hampshire, Durham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073628802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I866881858"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72479305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"2","first_page":"285","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11759","display_name":"Occupational Therapy Practice and Research","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11759","display_name":"Occupational Therapy Practice and Research","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12241","display_name":"Children's Physical and Motor Development","score":0.009999999776482582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-processing","display_name":"sensory processing","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-integration","display_name":"sensory integration","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-performance","display_name":"occupational performance","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parent-report-measures","display_name":"parent-report measures","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-consistency","display_name":"internal consistency","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant-validity","display_name":"discriminant validity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-coordination-disorder","display_name":"developmental coordination disorder","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-over-responsivity","display_name":"sensory hypersensitivity","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-therapy-assessment","display_name":"occupational therapy assessment","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776861996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241849","display_name":"Sensory processing","level":3,"score":0.8553838729858398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.6959124803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120107772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168554","display_name":"Discriminant validity","level":4,"score":0.6110148429870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102190203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380141","display_name":"Occupational therapy","level":2,"score":0.5324018597602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5161334276199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5146685242652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.46395036578178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.4538688361644745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.41637665033340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233","display_name":"Internal consistency","level":3,"score":0.29194116592407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.23442959785461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.15360480546951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08469438552856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009788","descriptor_name":"Occupational Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010465","descriptor_name":"Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012677","descriptor_name":"Sensation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5014/ajot.2021.044248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.044248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2021.044248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205451775","display_name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","issn_l":"0272-9490","issn":["0272-9490","1943-7676"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316113","host_organization_name":"American Occupational Therapy Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316113"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Occupational Therapy Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33657351","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33657351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W632781238","https://openalex.org/W1559722826","https://openalex.org/W1572311565","https://openalex.org/W1761812622","https://openalex.org/W1969277870","https://openalex.org/W2024591780","https://openalex.org/W2072423158","https://openalex.org/W2079835808","https://openalex.org/W2090988602","https://openalex.org/W2111199533","https://openalex.org/W2158296545","https://openalex.org/W2158314844","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2159398823","https://openalex.org/W2170559977","https://openalex.org/W2410404992","https://openalex.org/W2581144989","https://openalex.org/W2596350943","https://openalex.org/W2764029714","https://openalex.org/W2905915643","https://openalex.org/W2999866711","https://openalex.org/W3092200997","https://openalex.org/W4205848757","https://openalex.org/W4235691373","https://openalex.org/W4247665917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789384915","https://openalex.org/W2909764671","https://openalex.org/W4401077586","https://openalex.org/W2267883345","https://openalex.org/W2770925397","https://openalex.org/W3167232638","https://openalex.org/W3037873316","https://openalex.org/W4303188540","https://openalex.org/W2006507355","https://openalex.org/W1964425301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IMPORTANCE:":[0],"The":[1,118,191,201],"Sensory":[2,165],"Processing":[3],"Three":[4,86],"Dimensions":[5],"(SP3D)":[6],"Occupational":[7],"Performance":[8],"Scale":[9],"(OPS)":[10],"is":[11],"a":[12,22,197],"new":[13,235],"parent-report":[14],"measure":[15,198,238],"developed":[16],"for":[17,27],"use":[18],"as":[19,196],"part":[20,214],"of":[21,44,56,96,131,154,199,221],"comprehensive":[23],"occupational":[24,57,236],"therapy":[25],"evaluation":[26],"children":[28,98,205],"with":[29,72,104,145,206],"sensory":[30,51,67,140,178,207,242],"processing":[31,52,68,141,179,208,243],"and":[32,41,54,60,82,102,121,135,142,151,164,180,182,209,226,244,262],"integration":[33,143,181,210],"challenges.":[34],"OBJECTIVE:":[35],"To":[36],"examine":[37,48],"the":[38,45,62,91,132,137,155,162,222],"internal":[39],"consistency":[40,149],"discriminant":[42,152],"validity":[43,153,227],"SP3D":[46,119,122,133,156,192,223],"OPS,":[47],"relations":[49,174],"between":[50,139,177,241],"subtypes":[53],"areas":[55],"performance":[58,237],"(OP),":[59],"determine":[61,136],"extent":[63],"to":[64,112,128,216,251,259],"which":[65],"specific":[66],"challenges":[69,144,211],"predict":[70],"problems":[71],"OP.":[73,146,172,200],"DESIGN:":[74],"Nonexperimental,":[75],"descriptive":[76],"design":[77],"using":[78],"correlations,":[79],"group":[80],"comparisons,":[81],"stepwise":[83],"regression.":[84],"SETTING:":[85],"outpatient":[87],"clinic":[88],"sites":[89],"in":[90,108,171,184,213,254],"United":[92],"States.":[93],"PARTICIPANTS:":[94],"Parents":[95],"66":[97],"(33":[99],"typically":[100],"developing":[101],"33":[103],"clinical":[105],"problems)":[106],"ranging":[107],"age":[109],"from":[110],"4":[111],"12":[113],"yr.":[114],"OUTCOMES":[115],"AND":[116,189],"MEASURES:":[117],"OPS":[120,134,157,193],"Inventory":[123],"were":[124,158,175],"completed":[125],"by":[126],"parents":[127],"address":[129],"psychometrics":[130],"association":[138],"RESULTS:":[147],"Internal":[148],"reliability":[150,225],"supported.":[159],"Scores":[160],"on":[161],"Dyspraxia":[163],"Overresponsivity":[166],"subscales":[167],"best":[168],"predicted":[169],"deficits":[170,203],"Significant":[173],"found":[176],"competency":[183],"multiple":[185],"OP":[186,202,245],"areas.":[187,246],"CONCLUSIONS":[188],"RELEVANCE:":[190],"shows":[194,239],"promise":[195],"among":[204],"are":[212,228],"due":[215],"subtype":[217],"presentation.":[218],"Further":[219],"studies":[220],"OPS's":[224],"needed.":[229],"WHAT":[230],"THIS":[231],"ARTICLE":[232],"ADDS:":[233],"This":[234],"associations":[240],"It":[247],"can":[248],"provide":[249],"information":[250],"support":[252],"therapists":[253],"identifying":[255],"family":[256],"concerns":[257],"relevant":[258],"goal":[260],"setting":[261],"intervention.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}