{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132267718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","title":"Review on livelihood diversification and food security situations in Ethiopia","display_name":"Review on livelihood diversification and food security situations in Ethiopia","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132267718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","mag":"3132267718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764637833","display_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","issn_l":"2331-1932","issn":["2331-1932"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008409936","display_name":"Andualem Kassegn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8011-5710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8011-5710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159645","display_name":"Woldia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7f9k79","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159645"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andualem Kassegn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8011-5710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159645"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013516155","display_name":"Ebrahim Endris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-2351","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-2351"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159645","display_name":"Woldia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7f9k79","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159645"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebrahim Endris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9048-2351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159645"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008409936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159645"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6542,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98101166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9053000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14269","display_name":"Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics","score":0.04470000043511391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":0.03579999879002571,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livelihood-diversification","display_name":"livelihood diversification","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-security","display_name":"food security","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-households","display_name":"rural households","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-farm-livelihoods","display_name":"non-farm livelihoods","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-farm-livelihoods","display_name":"off-farm livelihoods","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-income","display_name":"rural income","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinants-of-food-security","display_name":"determinants of food security","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-policy","display_name":"agricultural policy","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethiopia","display_name":"Ethiopia","score":0.9399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.9364733695983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.8651219606399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.8145115971565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6210945844650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5586270689964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22344907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4693955","display_name":"Agricultural diversification","level":3,"score":0.48095646500587463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.475803941488266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.471949964761734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5465509","display_name":"Food policy","level":4,"score":0.41268596053123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2793976366519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1896897256374359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.15182814002037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13861531019210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764637833","display_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","issn_l":"2331-1932","issn":["2331-1932"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ed297f1900c49a78cbd0dac82aff31e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ed297f1900c49a78cbd0dac82aff31e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture, Vol 7, Iss 1 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23311932.2021.1882135?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764637833","display_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","issn_l":"2331-1932","issn":["2331-1932"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Food & Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":1.0,"display_name":"No poverty"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.958299994468689,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5263000130653381,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132267718.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163179517","https://openalex.org/W165191958","https://openalex.org/W1491889523","https://openalex.org/W1525209112","https://openalex.org/W1543889784","https://openalex.org/W1569320462","https://openalex.org/W1575545874","https://openalex.org/W1650835877","https://openalex.org/W1750617262","https://openalex.org/W1804345426","https://openalex.org/W1871026560","https://openalex.org/W1938169639","https://openalex.org/W1972778747","https://openalex.org/W1979172536","https://openalex.org/W1985277860","https://openalex.org/W1988249336","https://openalex.org/W1988997016","https://openalex.org/W1989987463","https://openalex.org/W2004283525","https://openalex.org/W2019614040","https://openalex.org/W2021685286","https://openalex.org/W2022205568","https://openalex.org/W2024509396","https://openalex.org/W2032858784","https://openalex.org/W2034250529","https://openalex.org/W2057540753","https://openalex.org/W2058396372","https://openalex.org/W2059117439","https://openalex.org/W2073290686","https://openalex.org/W2074865628","https://openalex.org/W2081842347","https://openalex.org/W2091201600","https://openalex.org/W2094106677","https://openalex.org/W2098505573","https://openalex.org/W2099219408","https://openalex.org/W2103536466","https://openalex.org/W2117502148","https://openalex.org/W2122050911","https://openalex.org/W2123364042","https://openalex.org/W2128833392","https://openalex.org/W2130600976","https://openalex.org/W2135295898","https://openalex.org/W2140234535","https://openalex.org/W2157730899","https://openalex.org/W2158819130","https://openalex.org/W2167328405","https://openalex.org/W2168031644","https://openalex.org/W2168309243","https://openalex.org/W2185124011","https://openalex.org/W2265732781","https://openalex.org/W2276170590","https://openalex.org/W2309413242","https://openalex.org/W2309696090","https://openalex.org/W2332156445","https://openalex.org/W2337213842","https://openalex.org/W2338073818","https://openalex.org/W2345148834","https://openalex.org/W2375363195","https://openalex.org/W2506933885","https://openalex.org/W2507323241","https://openalex.org/W2558422043","https://openalex.org/W2562678610","https://openalex.org/W2562797503","https://openalex.org/W2565963404","https://openalex.org/W2568905840","https://openalex.org/W2594256538","https://openalex.org/W2595917562","https://openalex.org/W2605497931","https://openalex.org/W2608453205","https://openalex.org/W2611785369","https://openalex.org/W2734517510","https://openalex.org/W2740374783","https://openalex.org/W2750174942","https://openalex.org/W2761522795","https://openalex.org/W2762528739","https://openalex.org/W2767587926","https://openalex.org/W2768364611","https://openalex.org/W2779956216","https://openalex.org/W2782545965","https://openalex.org/W2788789597","https://openalex.org/W2807549547","https://openalex.org/W2810444758","https://openalex.org/W2888101927","https://openalex.org/W2892070380","https://openalex.org/W2898571851","https://openalex.org/W2903773776","https://openalex.org/W2923218948","https://openalex.org/W2932506995","https://openalex.org/W2943326090","https://openalex.org/W2946662949","https://openalex.org/W2947768720","https://openalex.org/W2992682378","https://openalex.org/W2993275161","https://openalex.org/W3014759293","https://openalex.org/W3016918607","https://openalex.org/W3035358164","https://openalex.org/W3142445040","https://openalex.org/W3217279821","https://openalex.org/W4205305034","https://openalex.org/W4206240299","https://openalex.org/W4207028450","https://openalex.org/W4210311553","https://openalex.org/W4210470468","https://openalex.org/W4213067857","https://openalex.org/W4233094923","https://openalex.org/W4233919168","https://openalex.org/W4246267748","https://openalex.org/W4249999464","https://openalex.org/W4250229182","https://openalex.org/W4250287653","https://openalex.org/W4250310903","https://openalex.org/W4321375056","https://openalex.org/W4413089247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3182030264","https://openalex.org/W4391079827","https://openalex.org/W7163019876","https://openalex.org/W2996393412","https://openalex.org/W3034371648","https://openalex.org/W7118746173","https://openalex.org/W3197476715","https://openalex.org/W4310627130","https://openalex.org/W4381248562","https://openalex.org/W2942954598"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"review":[1,18,56,74,180],"focused":[2,113,222],"on":[3,62,77,98,115,223],"the":[4,14,22,35,42,47,57,64,102,106,108,140,149,154,157,162,197,202,206,218,225],"livelihood":[5,27,60,130,176,237],"diversification":[6,28,61,131,238],"and":[7,29,54,86,91,94,120,128,144,189,195,234],"food":[8,30,39,48,65,137,165,198,226],"security":[9,31,40,49,66,138,199,227],"situations":[10,200,228],"in":[11,71,139,174,205,217,229],"Ethiopia.":[12],"Hence,":[13],"objectives":[15],"of":[16,24,38,41,51,59,68,89,156,169,201],"this":[17,179],"were":[19,172],"to":[20,33,45,55,101,105,133,152,186,193],"identify":[21],"determinants":[23],"rural":[25,43,52,69,135,158,163,170,203,236],"household":[26],"situations,":[32],"compile":[34],"major":[36],"causes":[37],"households,":[44,53],"assess":[46],"status":[50,67],"effect":[58],"improving":[63,161,224],"households":[70,136,159,171,204],"country.":[72,141,207],"The":[73],"was":[75],"based":[76,97],"reviewing":[78],"secondary":[79],"data":[80],"from":[81],"journal":[82],"articles,":[83],"books,":[84],"published":[85],"unpublished":[87],"reports":[88],"national":[90],"international":[92],"organizations,":[93],"policy":[95,110],"briefs":[96],"their":[99],"relevance":[100],"topic.":[103],"According":[104],"review,":[107],"country":[109,219],"framework":[111],"has":[112,121],"only":[114],"on-farm":[116],"agricultural":[117],"development":[118],"strategy":[119],"not":[122],"given":[123],"adequate":[124,184],"attention":[125],"for":[126,160],"non-farm":[127,143,175,233],"off-farm":[129,145,235],"strategies":[132,146,151],"assure":[134],"However,":[142],"are":[147],"currently":[148],"important":[150],"rise":[153],"income":[155],"households\u2019":[164],"security.":[166],"Currently,":[167],"57%":[168],"engaged":[173],"strategies.":[177,239],"Therefore,":[178],"will":[181],"provide":[182],"an":[183],"information":[185],"policymakers,":[187],"planners,":[188],"other":[190],"concerned":[191],"bodies":[192],"intervene":[194],"improve":[196],"Accordingly,":[208],"future":[209],"policies,":[210],"strategies,":[211],"programs":[212],"as":[213,215],"well":[214],"activities":[216],"should":[220],"be":[221],"Ethiopia":[230],"through":[231],"promoting":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}