{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132216636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2021.1874579","title":"Why public employees manipulate performance data: prosocial impact, job stress, and red tape","display_name":"Why public employees manipulate performance data: prosocial impact, job stress, and red tape","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132216636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2021.1874579","mag":"3132216636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10967494.2021.1874579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2021.1874579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2021.1874579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63571029","display_name":"International Public Management Journal","issn_l":"1096-7494","issn":["1096-7494","1559-3169"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Public Management Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://osf.io/eyjh3/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021095281","display_name":"Alexander Kroll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-8607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-8607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Kroll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida International University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-8607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024638501","display_name":"Dominik Vogel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-7956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-7956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Vogel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hamburg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0145-7956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hamburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021095281"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4903,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96306169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"164","last_page":"182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10797","display_name":"Accounting and Organizational Management","score":0.014800000004470348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-employment","display_name":"public sector employees","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosocial-impact","display_name":"prosocial impact","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-stress","display_name":"occupational stress","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-tape","display_name":"red tape","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-management-systems","display_name":"performance management systems","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/list-experiment","display_name":"list experiment","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158608086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2990613","display_name":"Prosocial behavior","level":2,"score":0.8008338212966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357432","display_name":"Cheating","level":2,"score":0.668724775314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6143585443496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27502469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906343","display_name":"Dysfunctional family","level":2,"score":0.5850821733474731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174954385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206740","display_name":"Job performance","level":3,"score":0.5771476626396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5133585333824158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4306013882160187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.24441921710968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10967494.2021.1874579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2021.1874579","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2021.1874579","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63571029","display_name":"International Public Management Journal","issn_l":"1096-7494","issn":["1096-7494","1559-3169"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Public Management Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/eyjh3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/eyjh3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/eyjh3","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/eyjh3/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:osf:socarx:eyjh3_v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/download/63072ac65e498b1b537739e8/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E016E-DBF-328","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31235/OSF.IO/EYJH3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:f0ef2874-76d9-4133-85cf-f46030e36bc3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/eyjh3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401238","display_name":"SocArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31235/osf.io/eyjh3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/eyjh3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/eyjh3","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/eyjh3/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6207000017166138,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132216636.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3132216636.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W618626027","https://openalex.org/W627392803","https://openalex.org/W1518380202","https://openalex.org/W1558941169","https://openalex.org/W1572550098","https://openalex.org/W1874425493","https://openalex.org/W1936420698","https://openalex.org/W1974453201","https://openalex.org/W1999489930","https://openalex.org/W2008381846","https://openalex.org/W2013370482","https://openalex.org/W2017699874","https://openalex.org/W2020103480","https://openalex.org/W2024900554","https://openalex.org/W2026112769","https://openalex.org/W2026503995","https://openalex.org/W2026726815","https://openalex.org/W2034420671","https://openalex.org/W2034729780","https://openalex.org/W2041294800","https://openalex.org/W2046765180","https://openalex.org/W2050655388","https://openalex.org/W2068073400","https://openalex.org/W2086115663","https://openalex.org/W2086684417","https://openalex.org/W2090977809","https://openalex.org/W2092564267","https://openalex.org/W2094397907","https://openalex.org/W2097587915","https://openalex.org/W2101586110","https://openalex.org/W2109360959","https://openalex.org/W2112413922","https://openalex.org/W2120489714","https://openalex.org/W2125688389","https://openalex.org/W2127405576","https://openalex.org/W2135567766","https://openalex.org/W2139737507","https://openalex.org/W2140777058","https://openalex.org/W2144684038","https://openalex.org/W2153064702","https://openalex.org/W2156401893","https://openalex.org/W2159129042","https://openalex.org/W2162116792","https://openalex.org/W2166471910","https://openalex.org/W2171343644","https://openalex.org/W2249551732","https://openalex.org/W2573660563","https://openalex.org/W2585636364","https://openalex.org/W2589715687","https://openalex.org/W2741573968","https://openalex.org/W2762190804","https://openalex.org/W2792879789","https://openalex.org/W2793846670","https://openalex.org/W2794471005","https://openalex.org/W2895928095","https://openalex.org/W2911868687","https://openalex.org/W2913265986","https://openalex.org/W2916491005","https://openalex.org/W2943307941","https://openalex.org/W2954474928","https://openalex.org/W3099713675","https://openalex.org/W3121798526","https://openalex.org/W3123468586","https://openalex.org/W3125969520","https://openalex.org/W3189423882","https://openalex.org/W4238516407","https://openalex.org/W4245267174","https://openalex.org/W4246718271","https://openalex.org/W4251259286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3170310185","https://openalex.org/W3173126726","https://openalex.org/W4401467520","https://openalex.org/W7133986762","https://openalex.org/W2584058727","https://openalex.org/W2794206252","https://openalex.org/W4319025514","https://openalex.org/W7096559651","https://openalex.org/W2618516431","https://openalex.org/W3167186080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"research":[1],"on":[2],"the":[3,29,32,54,120,130],"dysfunctional":[4],"uses":[5],"of":[6,16,31,49,57,73,99,122,132],"performance":[7,43,50,86,111,126],"data":[8,25],"is":[9],"growing,":[10],"we":[11,37,102],"are":[12],"still":[13],"in":[14,125,140],"search":[15],"theories":[17],"that":[18,52,104,134],"go":[19],"beyond":[20],"system-specific":[21],"explanations":[22],"and":[23,45,64,78],"address":[24],"manipulation":[26],"behavior":[27],"at":[28],"level":[30],"employee.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"article,":[36],"conceptualize":[38],"different":[39],"gaming":[40,127],"responses":[41],"to":[42,95,109,119,137],"systems":[44],"test":[46],"a":[47,71,89,92],"model":[48],"cheating":[51,112],"emphasizes":[53],"critical":[55],"role":[56],"employees\u2019":[58],"prosocial":[59],"impact,":[60],"their":[61],"job":[62],"stress,":[63],"organizations\u2019":[65],"red":[66],"tape.":[67],"We":[68],"screen":[69],"through":[70],"sample":[72],"almost":[74],"10,000":[75],"potential":[76],"subjects":[77],"identify":[79],"964":[80],"public":[81,114],"employees":[82],"who":[83],"work":[84],"with":[85],"data.":[87],"Conducting":[88],"list":[90],"experiment,":[91],"technique":[93],"known":[94],"yield":[96],"unbiased":[97],"ratings":[98],"sensitive":[100],"behaviors,":[101],"find":[103],"all":[105],"three":[106],"factors":[107,133],"tend":[108],"reinforce":[110],"among":[113],"employees.":[115],"The":[116],"article":[117],"contributes":[118],"extension":[121],"causal":[123],"chains":[124],"theory":[128],"via":[129],"inclusion":[131],"have":[135],"proven":[136],"be":[138],"influential":[139],"behavioral":[141],"research.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}