{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132046232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080365.003.0004","title":"The ELIZA Effect","display_name":"The ELIZA Effect","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132046232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080365.003.0004","mag":"3132046232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780190080365.003.0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080365.003.0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080365.003.0004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Deceitful Media","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242789758","display_name":"Deceitful Media"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026288547","display_name":"Simone Natale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1962-2398","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1962-2398"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simone Natale","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026288547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96828047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"50","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13308","display_name":"Cybernetics and Technology in Society","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13308","display_name":"Cybernetics and Technology in Society","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.1988999992609024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eliza","display_name":"Eliza","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joseph-weizenbaum","display_name":"Joseph Weizenbaum","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbots","display_name":"chatbots","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-computer-interaction","display_name":"human-computer interaction","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-machine-symbiosis","display_name":"human-machine symbiosis","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-artificial-intelligence","display_name":"history of artificial intelligence","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-perception-of-ai","display_name":"public perception of AI","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3990475535392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.32017579674720764}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780190080365.003.0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080365.003.0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080365.003.0004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Deceitful Media","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":377,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25944326","https://openalex.org/W34782968","https://openalex.org/W46849891","https://openalex.org/W50812038","https://openalex.org/W80060514","https://openalex.org/W151649409","https://openalex.org/W167294548","https://openalex.org/W205043379","https://openalex.org/W258013596","https://openalex.org/W298082197","https://openalex.org/W327298130","https://openalex.org/W396016231","https://openalex.org/W437569321","https://openalex.org/W565527135","https://openalex.org/W567705850","https://openalex.org/W569255061","https://openalex.org/W575695541","https://openalex.org/W576640919","https://openalex.org/W582315782","https://openalex.org/W585268816","https://openalex.org/W588637977","https://openalex.org/W590333878","https://openalex.org/W591953899","https://openalex.org/W601398650","https://openalex.org/W611271060","https://openalex.org/W622035096","https://openalex.org/W644096668","https://openalex.org/W649580272","https://openalex.org/W1474082591","https://openalex.org/W1480145444","https://openalex.org/W1483644899","https://openalex.org/W1492943037","https://openalex.org/W1495038747","https://openalex.org/W1500109124","https://openalex.org/W1502313529","https://openalex.org/W1505688498","https://openalex.org/W1513214045","https://openalex.org/W1513544106","https://openalex.org/W1514042432","https://openalex.org/W1515263424","https://openalex.org/W1517010003","https://openalex.org/W1520387187","https://openalex.org/W1520625720","https://openalex.org/W1527516269","https://openalex.org/W1532053647","https://openalex.org/W1532068493","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1532370328","https://openalex.org/W1541515907","https://openalex.org/W1542057398","https://openalex.org/W1549671171","https://openalex.org/W1554576613","https://openalex.org/W1558194795","https://openalex.org/W1564162252","https://openalex.org/W1565945905","https://openalex.org/W1574480674","https://openalex.org/W1579350466","https://openalex.org/W1590164144","https://openalex.org/W1592937458","https://openalex.org/W1603545804","https://openalex.org/W1605258438","https://openalex.org/W1605850762","https://openalex.org/W1606025554","https://openalex.org/W1606281396","https://openalex.org/W1618780431","https://openalex.org/W1646640237","https://openalex.org/W1670552626","https://openalex.org/W1678981706","https://openalex.org/W1682244743","https://openalex.org/W1720739885","https://openalex.org/W1744490497","https://openalex.org/W1752466570","https://openalex.org/W1782524615","https://openalex.org/W1783594902","https://openalex.org/W1805520494","https://openalex.org/W1841352775","https://openalex.org/W1850308664","https://openalex.org/W1875261861","https://openalex.org/W1892502720","https://openalex.org/W1917985537","https://openalex.org/W1925853295","https://openalex.org/W1936398733","https://openalex.org/W1957780744","https://openalex.org/W1958590754","https://openalex.org/W1964905972","https://openalex.org/W1966925947","https://openalex.org/W1968702119","https://openalex.org/W1974768933","https://openalex.org/W1977453513","https://openalex.org/W1981889157","https://openalex.org/W1983738538","https://openalex.org/W1984165546","https://openalex.org/W1985683154","https://openalex.org/W1987930784","https://openalex.org/W1990175024","https://openalex.org/W1990334294","https://openalex.org/W1991015565","https://openalex.org/W1994833890","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1996555503","https://openalex.org/W1997406297","https://openalex.org/W1997752104","https://openalex.org/W2000251185","https://openalex.org/W2001429584","https://openalex.org/W2003453784","https://openalex.org/W2004200997","https://openalex.org/W2005018541","https://openalex.org/W2005720133","https://openalex.org/W2006480009","https://openalex.org/W2009941181","https://openalex.org/W2011803890","https://openalex.org/W2017377819","https://openalex.org/W2017481616","https://openalex.org/W2023393715","https://openalex.org/W2025613117","https://openalex.org/W2034316861","https://openalex.org/W2036095427","https://openalex.org/W2036676782","https://openalex.org/W2037413600","https://openalex.org/W2037451280","https://openalex.org/W2039261710","https://openalex.org/W2040878892","https://openalex.org/W2042295811","https://openalex.org/W2043367906","https://openalex.org/W2044486300","https://openalex.org/W2044538662","https://openalex.org/W2045212684","https://openalex.org/W2046828208","https://openalex.org/W2047320683","https://openalex.org/W2048673468","https://openalex.org/W2050896993","https://openalex.org/W2052745812","https://openalex.org/W2055908045","https://openalex.org/W2058544703","https://openalex.org/W2058887272","https://openalex.org/W2059988293","https://openalex.org/W2060960089","https://openalex.org/W2063628664","https://openalex.org/W2063825977","https://openalex.org/W2069588696","https://openalex.org/W2069591807","https://openalex.org/W2070269012","https://openalex.org/W2073946102","https://openalex.org/W2074202985","https://openalex.org/W2079885881","https://openalex.org/W2080117917","https://openalex.org/W2082025889","https://openalex.org/W2087342804","https://openalex.org/W2087632019","https://openalex.org/W2087999014","https://openalex.org/W2089011934","https://openalex.org/W2089328301","https://openalex.org/W2091118323","https://openalex.org/W2092100931","https://openalex.org/W2094569357","https://openalex.org/W2094862864","https://openalex.org/W2097827904","https://openalex.org/W2098454324","https://openalex.org/W2103272780","https://openalex.org/W2107998136","https://openalex.org/W2108461087","https://openalex.org/W2112278606","https://openalex.org/W2112976031","https://openalex.org/W2118605853","https://openalex.org/W2121751965","https://openalex.org/W2121845960","https://openalex.org/W2129243028","https://openalex.org/W2137938719","https://openalex.org/W2138178898","https://openalex.org/W2139786076","https://openalex.org/W2141373701","https://openalex.org/W2142825221","https://openalex.org/W2152909313","https://openalex.org/W2158035776","https://openalex.org/W2160640786","https://openalex.org/W2161466446","https://openalex.org/W2164791072","https://openalex.org/W2168519584","https://openalex.org/W2169558102","https://openalex.org/W2172490060","https://openalex.org/W2173037902","https://openalex.org/W2178202820","https://openalex.org/W2178644004","https://openalex.org/W2179353011","https://openalex.org/W2188566884","https://openalex.org/W2251410821","https://openalex.org/W2257220133","https://openalex.org/W2266294403","https://openalex.org/W2269870390","https://openalex.org/W2288403927","https://openalex.org/W2291822968","https://openalex.org/W2294125113","https://openalex.org/W2305456246","https://openalex.org/W2311330094","https://openalex.org/W2312645783","https://openalex.org/W2319386921","https://openalex.org/W2319708490","https://openalex.org/W2323589457","https://openalex.org/W2335559472","https://openalex.org/W2337934060","https://openalex.org/W2338098411","https://openalex.org/W2360885311","https://openalex.org/W2395092458","https://openalex.org/W2401136730","https://openalex.org/W2404559569","https://openalex.org/W2431529610","https://openalex.org/W2475514180","https://openalex.org/W2475996856","https://openalex.org/W2478287401","https://openalex.org/W2491692315","https://openalex.org/W2496792605","https://openalex.org/W2507046083","https://openalex.org/W2515259593","https://openalex.org/W2521868313","https://openalex.org/W2538372360","https://openalex.org/W2543230841","https://openalex.org/W2562801315","https://openalex.org/W2563269671","https://openalex.org/W2570996528","https://openalex.org/W2576582490","https://openalex.org/W2590369292","https://openalex.org/W2594233358","https://openalex.org/W2594975772","https://openalex.org/W2618904278","https://openalex.org/W2623152824","https://openalex.org/W2623293810","https://openalex.org/W2624717578","https://openalex.org/W2625566937","https://openalex.org/W2626826767","https://openalex.org/W2732426875","https://openalex.org/W2744710848","https://openalex.org/W2766452287","https://openalex.org/W2774278867","https://openalex.org/W2783089003","https://openalex.org/W2786239022","https://openalex.org/W2787543361","https://openalex.org/W2787712888","https://openalex.org/W2789452866","https://openalex.org/W2790891541","https://openalex.org/W2790916672","https://openalex.org/W2792919371","https://openalex.org/W2793099273","https://openalex.org/W2795732852","https://openalex.org/W2796411932","https://openalex.org/W2797584388","https://openalex.org/W2798585347","https://openalex.org/W2805821593","https://openalex.org/W2806418814","https://openalex.org/W2807542362","https://openalex.org/W2810580611","https://openalex.org/W2886357456","https://openalex.org/W2889418077","https://openalex.org/W2889653055","https://openalex.org/W2890242742","https://openalex.org/W2895814682","https://openalex.org/W2896112953","https://openalex.org/W2898700245","https://openalex.org/W2904670791","https://openalex.org/W2904686195","https://openalex.org/W2905515844","https://openalex.org/W2905522159","https://openalex.org/W2907086878","https://openalex.org/W2907337765","https://openalex.org/W2908425092","https://openalex.org/W2908608380","https://openalex.org/W2908985267","https://openalex.org/W2912155051","https://openalex.org/W2913896553","https://openalex.org/W2920797827","https://openalex.org/W2922108536","https://openalex.org/W2922266810","https://openalex.org/W2922298238","https://openalex.org/W2923823889","https://openalex.org/W2929706395","https://openalex.org/W2934340864","https://openalex.org/W2935222518","https://openalex.org/W2939224145","https://openalex.org/W2941450941","https://openalex.org/W2942422094","https://openalex.org/W2942968409","https://openalex.org/W2944993787","https://openalex.org/W2949057970","https://openalex.org/W2951773236","https://openalex.org/W2951778287","https://openalex.org/W2955088691","https://openalex.org/W2955298940","https://openalex.org/W2955322221","https://openalex.org/W2962097926","https://openalex.org/W2962959052","https://openalex.org/W2964327633","https://openalex.org/W2965306748","https://openalex.org/W2965786171","https://openalex.org/W2966848007","https://openalex.org/W2967928412","https://openalex.org/W2977599815","https://openalex.org/W2981727471","https://openalex.org/W2982173854","https://openalex.org/W2996884718","https://openalex.org/W2998931838","https://openalex.org/W3005901320","https://openalex.org/W3007419529","https://openalex.org/W3014374241","https://openalex.org/W3015660514","https://openalex.org/W3022420982","https://openalex.org/W3023348153","https://openalex.org/W3024273111","https://openalex.org/W3026354358","https://openalex.org/W3027609558","https://openalex.org/W3032372496","https://openalex.org/W3036937896","https://openalex.org/W3081607173","https://openalex.org/W3087886439","https://openalex.org/W3103227490","https://openalex.org/W3132153573","https://openalex.org/W3134069518","https://openalex.org/W3134182676","https://openalex.org/W3147434279","https://openalex.org/W3159540138","https://openalex.org/W3165799738","https://openalex.org/W3198350258","https://openalex.org/W3208019373","https://openalex.org/W3208356102","https://openalex.org/W4205267278","https://openalex.org/W4205448918","https://openalex.org/W4205507427","https://openalex.org/W4205577197","https://openalex.org/W4206572068","https://openalex.org/W4210679053","https://openalex.org/W4210861778","https://openalex.org/W4211054545","https://openalex.org/W4230242143","https://openalex.org/W4230631973","https://openalex.org/W4230733773","https://openalex.org/W4232035231","https://openalex.org/W4234021485","https://openalex.org/W4235928229","https://openalex.org/W4236521339","https://openalex.org/W4238711390","https://openalex.org/W4239918948","https://openalex.org/W4240414694","https://openalex.org/W4240416388","https://openalex.org/W4240662908","https://openalex.org/W4242634469","https://openalex.org/W4243054478","https://openalex.org/W4243091206","https://openalex.org/W4244036259","https://openalex.org/W4245722611","https://openalex.org/W4245792999","https://openalex.org/W4245841243","https://openalex.org/W4250545357","https://openalex.org/W4252654026","https://openalex.org/W4252915451","https://openalex.org/W4255000484","https://openalex.org/W4255953438","https://openalex.org/W4297784025","https://openalex.org/W4298208705","https://openalex.org/W4299500060","https://openalex.org/W4300081170","https://openalex.org/W4300236671","https://openalex.org/W4300804342","https://openalex.org/W4300880126","https://openalex.org/W4300937010","https://openalex.org/W4300985380","https://openalex.org/W4301008122","https://openalex.org/W4301056702","https://openalex.org/W4301456642","https://openalex.org/W4301479847","https://openalex.org/W4361753823","https://openalex.org/W4388215613","https://openalex.org/W4388215620","https://openalex.org/W6636954190","https://openalex.org/W6697311981","https://openalex.org/W6805331961","https://openalex.org/W6813734962","https://openalex.org/W6927177841","https://openalex.org/W7030290986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6890177569","https://openalex.org/W6927297425","https://openalex.org/W7127681359","https://openalex.org/W2896564338","https://openalex.org/W4249376665","https://openalex.org/W4400065171","https://openalex.org/W7125641590","https://openalex.org/W7165264187","https://openalex.org/W2132497131","https://openalex.org/W2801871747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"chapter":[2,110],"focuses":[3],"on":[4,100],"ELIZA,":[5],"the":[6,12,15,31,42,47,51,73,75,85,97,109,113,124],"first":[7],"chatbot":[8],"program,":[9],"developed":[10],"in":[11,25,46,79,141],"1960s":[13],"at":[14,96],"Massachusetts":[16],"Institute":[17],"of":[18,30,44,69,87,115,126,135],"Technology":[19],"by":[20],"Joseph":[21],"Weizenbaum":[22],"to":[23,93,129],"engage":[24],"written":[26],"conversations":[27],"with":[28,84],"users":[29],"MAC":[32],"time-sharing":[33],"system.":[34],"The":[35],"program\u2019s":[36],"alleged":[37],"capacity":[38],"for":[39],"conversation":[40],"attracted":[41],"attention":[43],"audiences":[45],"United":[48],"States":[49],"and":[50,53,58,106,138],"world,":[52],"Weizenbaum\u2019s":[54,101],"book":[55],"Computer":[56],"Power":[57],"Human":[59],"Reasons":[60],"(1976)":[61],"drew":[62],"readers":[63],"from":[64],"well":[65,133],"outside":[66],"his":[67],"discipline":[68],"computer":[70,103],"science.":[71],"In":[72],"process,":[74],"program":[76],"presented":[77],"AI":[78,142],"ways":[80],"that":[81,90,112],"sharply":[82],"contrasted":[83],"vision":[86,118],"human-machine":[88],"symbiosis":[89],"dominated":[91],"approaches":[92,128],"human-computer":[94],"interaction":[95],"time.":[98],"Drawing":[99],"writings,":[102],"science":[104],"literature,":[105],"journalistic":[107],"reports,":[108],"argues":[111],"impact":[114],"this":[116],"alternative":[117],"was":[119],"not":[120],"without":[121],"consequence,":[122],"informing":[123],"development":[125],"critical":[127],"digital":[130],"media":[131],"as":[132,134],"actual":[136],"technologies":[137],"pragmatic":[139],"strategies":[140],"research.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}
