{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131990635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.2","title":"Strategic non-nuclear weapons and the onset of a Third Nuclear Age","display_name":"Strategic non-nuclear weapons and the onset of a Third Nuclear Age","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131990635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.2","mag":"3131990635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/eis.2021.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.2","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/91EEB3B77D348252815F9F7B59DB8A32/S205756372100002Xa.pdf/div-class-title-strategic-non-nuclear-weapons-and-the-onset-of-a-third-nuclear-age-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168251","display_name":"European Journal of International Security","issn_l":"2057-5637","issn":["2057-5637","2057-5645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of International Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/91EEB3B77D348252815F9F7B59DB8A32/S205756372100002Xa.pdf/div-class-title-strategic-non-nuclear-weapons-and-the-onset-of-a-third-nuclear-age-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005944375","display_name":"Andrew Futter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-9482","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-9482"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Futter","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of History and Politics, University of Leicester, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-9482","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of History and Politics, University of Leicester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022236623","display_name":"Benjamin Zala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-3923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-3923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Zala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Relations, Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, Australian National University, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Relations, Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, Australian National University, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005944375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"],"apc_list":{"value":3255,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3255},"apc_paid":{"value":3255,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3255},"fwci":34.8934,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99691045,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"257","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13120","display_name":"Nuclear Issues and Defense","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13120","display_name":"Nuclear Issues and Defense","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-order","display_name":"nuclear order","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-stability","display_name":"nuclear stability","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-risk","display_name":"nuclear risk","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-deterrence","display_name":"nuclear deterrence","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arms-control","display_name":"arms control","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-non-proliferation","display_name":"nuclear nonproliferation","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-disarmament","display_name":"nuclear disarmament","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-posture","display_name":"nuclear posture","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-balance","display_name":"nuclear balance","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331662","display_name":"Disarmament","level":2,"score":0.8176255226135254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194110935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12802","display_name":"Nuclear weapon","level":2,"score":0.7612075209617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538168058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364056","display_name":"Arms control","level":2,"score":0.5810995101928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545171759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15141396","display_name":"Nuclear ethics","level":3,"score":0.5790761709213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4928286373615265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780188227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1291690","display_name":"Nuclear strategy","level":3,"score":0.4823167324066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.43499845266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21042323112487793}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/eis.2021.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.2","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/91EEB3B77D348252815F9F7B59DB8A32/S205756372100002Xa.pdf/div-class-title-strategic-non-nuclear-weapons-and-the-onset-of-a-third-nuclear-age-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168251","display_name":"European Journal of International Security","issn_l":"2057-5637","issn":["2057-5637","2057-5645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of International Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/13547939","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Strategic_Non-Nuclear_Weapons_and_the_Onset_of_a_Third_Nuclear_Age/13547939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/278363","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/278363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of International Security","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/eis.2021.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2021.2","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/91EEB3B77D348252815F9F7B59DB8A32/S205756372100002Xa.pdf/div-class-title-strategic-non-nuclear-weapons-and-the-onset-of-a-third-nuclear-age-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168251","display_name":"European Journal of International Security","issn_l":"2057-5637","issn":["2057-5637","2057-5645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of International Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4699999988079071}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G13369518","display_name":"Towards a Third Nuclear Age? Strategic Conventional Weapons and the Next Revolution in Global Nuclear Order","funder_award_id":"866155","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320276","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320339","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320431","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332228","display_name":"Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131990635.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131990635.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14124160","https://openalex.org/W223097538","https://openalex.org/W281234447","https://openalex.org/W596833667","https://openalex.org/W617739734","https://openalex.org/W645227053","https://openalex.org/W1558264348","https://openalex.org/W1571711526","https://openalex.org/W1803073809","https://openalex.org/W1969703314","https://openalex.org/W1982351723","https://openalex.org/W2012566484","https://openalex.org/W2015153569","https://openalex.org/W2060212050","https://openalex.org/W2101255587","https://openalex.org/W2104304302","https://openalex.org/W2109312871","https://openalex.org/W2116451193","https://openalex.org/W2145326714","https://openalex.org/W2157202903","https://openalex.org/W2160045979","https://openalex.org/W2250886915","https://openalex.org/W2295624253","https://openalex.org/W2327894177","https://openalex.org/W2497999138","https://openalex.org/W2578138822","https://openalex.org/W2606079858","https://openalex.org/W2608836155","https://openalex.org/W2766034903","https://openalex.org/W2799881490","https://openalex.org/W2801770506","https://openalex.org/W2805830982","https://openalex.org/W2885060061","https://openalex.org/W2894101486","https://openalex.org/W2899874741","https://openalex.org/W2900048340","https://openalex.org/W2911592786","https://openalex.org/W2917916146","https://openalex.org/W2969806798","https://openalex.org/W3008283427","https://openalex.org/W3026588822","https://openalex.org/W3037849718","https://openalex.org/W3170951975","https://openalex.org/W4210743972","https://openalex.org/W4210985507","https://openalex.org/W4211189280","https://openalex.org/W4230677565","https://openalex.org/W4239245461","https://openalex.org/W4300440107","https://openalex.org/W4300616058","https://openalex.org/W4300650707","https://openalex.org/W4300824589","https://openalex.org/W4302345901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413814385","https://openalex.org/W7167477267","https://openalex.org/W2938083871","https://openalex.org/W7214162824","https://openalex.org/W4406170247","https://openalex.org/W7167714285","https://openalex.org/W4406170770","https://openalex.org/W4410619299","https://openalex.org/W7167487193","https://openalex.org/W7167485281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Three":[1],"decades":[2],"after":[3],"what":[4],"is":[5,51],"widely":[6],"referred":[7],"to":[8,15,142,151,158,182],"as":[9,127,210,217,238],"the":[10,20,24,33,38,42,55,72,88,103,111,123,143,156,169,176,189,202,229,241],"transition":[11],"from":[12],"a":[13,16,27,67,96,128,161,244],"First":[14],"Second":[17],"Nuclear":[18,30,191,246],"Age,":[19,192],"world":[21],"stands":[22],"on":[23],"cusp":[25],"of":[26,41,59,74,99,105,114,184,228,243],"possible":[28],"Third":[29,190,245],"Age":[31],"where":[32],"way":[34,230],"that":[35,167],"we":[36,138,222,239],"conceptualise":[37],"central":[39],"dynamics":[40],"nuclear":[43,75,125,163,177,193,219,231,234],"game":[44],"will":[45,173,206],"change":[46],"again.":[47],"This":[48],"paradigm":[49],"shift":[50,68],"being":[52],"driven":[53],"by":[54,66,102,212,218],"growth":[56],"and":[57,65,77,120,186,201,233],"spread":[58],"non-nuclear":[60,107],"technologies":[61],"with":[62],"strategic":[63,106],"applications":[64],"in":[69,87,117,145,160,168,180,214],"thinking":[70,121],"about":[71],"sources":[73],"threats":[76],"how":[78],"they":[79],"should":[80],"be":[81,208],"addressed,":[82],"primarily,":[83],"but":[84],"not":[85],"solely,":[86],"United":[89],"States.":[90],"Recent":[91],"scholarship":[92],"has":[93],"rightly":[94],"identified":[95],"new":[97,162],"set":[98],"challenges":[100,242],"posed":[101],"development":[104],"weaponry":[108],"(SNNW).":[109],"But":[110],"full":[112],"implications":[113],"this":[115],"transformation":[116],"policy,":[118,200],"technology":[119],"for":[122,204,224],"global":[124],"order":[126,232],"whole":[129],"have":[130,155],"so":[131],"far":[132],"been":[133],"underexplored.":[134],"To":[135],"remedy":[136],"this,":[137],"look":[139],"further":[140],"ahead":[141],"ways":[144],"which":[146],"current":[147],"trends,":[148],"if":[149],"taken":[150],"their":[152],"logical":[153],"conclusion,":[154],"capacity":[157],"usher":[159],"era.":[164],"We":[165],"argue":[166],"years":[170],"ahead,":[171],"SNNW":[172,215],"increasingly":[174],"shape":[175],"order,":[178],"particularly":[179],"relation":[181],"questions":[183],"stability":[185],"risk.":[187],"In":[188],"deployments,":[194],"postures,":[195],"balances,":[196],"arms":[197],"control,":[198],"non-proliferation":[199],"prospects":[203],"disarmament,":[205],"all":[207],"shaped":[209],"much":[211],"developments":[213],"capabilities":[216],"weapons.":[220],"Consequently,":[221],"advocate":[223],"an":[225],"urgent":[226],"reassessment":[227],"risks":[235],"are":[236],"conceptualised":[237],"confront":[240],"Age.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}
