{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131908426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22399","title":"An intelligent decision support system for software plagiarism detection in academia","display_name":"An intelligent decision support system for software plagiarism detection in academia","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131908426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22399","mag":"3131908426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/int.22399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22399","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/int.22399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/int.22399","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050849175","display_name":"Farhan Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-1275","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-1275"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farhan Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-1275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045284879","display_name":"Sohail Jabbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-1235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-1235","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5805-0659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147796","display_name":"University of Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/04eps4h65","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147796"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohail Jabbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Science, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-1235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Science, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147796"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016526188","display_name":"Leonardo Mostarda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-8317","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-8317"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112859197","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Camerino","ror":"https://ror.org/0005w8d69","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112859197"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Mostarda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Camerino University, Camerino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-8317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Camerino University, Camerino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112859197"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050849175"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":3600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3600},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3736,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94386299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"6","first_page":"2730","last_page":"2752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.5562000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.5562000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.44190001487731934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code-plagiarism-detection","display_name":"code plagiarism detection","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-integrity","display_name":"academic integrity","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"decision support system","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"singular value decomposition","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-semantic-analysis","display_name":"latent semantic analysis","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"cosine similarity","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topic-modeling","display_name":"topic modeling","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.4259999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.822604238986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.6198477745056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986238","display_name":"Plagiarism detection","level":2,"score":0.5851736068725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5759197473526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5377298593521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176982825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835922","display_name":"Lexical analysis","level":2,"score":0.48854026198387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.45696088671684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.45661136507987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44846659898757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170133592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806883","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","level":2,"score":0.44347190856933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39627623558044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37037837505340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3626416027545929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3226276934146881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2782437801361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.174197256565094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/int.22399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22399","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/int.22399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubblicazioni.unicam.it:11581/456452","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11581/456452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400819","display_name":"Unicam Scientific Publications (University of Camerino)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I112859197","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Camerino","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112859197"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/int.22399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22399","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/int.22399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57950554","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"0884-8173","issn":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131908426.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131908426.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86855850","https://openalex.org/W168564468","https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1517100234","https://openalex.org/W1588412141","https://openalex.org/W1732828232","https://openalex.org/W1806771367","https://openalex.org/W1819770257","https://openalex.org/W2009593660","https://openalex.org/W2104301886","https://openalex.org/W2106487114","https://openalex.org/W2110008837","https://openalex.org/W2121412398","https://openalex.org/W2132791018","https://openalex.org/W2146659255","https://openalex.org/W2156741031","https://openalex.org/W2243493889","https://openalex.org/W2320619216","https://openalex.org/W2328261780","https://openalex.org/W2345558218","https://openalex.org/W2433678547","https://openalex.org/W2481759777","https://openalex.org/W2744042967","https://openalex.org/W2793475882","https://openalex.org/W2885222436","https://openalex.org/W2886751322","https://openalex.org/W2947495225","https://openalex.org/W2979570968","https://openalex.org/W3041456388","https://openalex.org/W3047804742","https://openalex.org/W3048149209","https://openalex.org/W3142599853","https://openalex.org/W4299823361","https://openalex.org/W6603477831","https://openalex.org/W6681648988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2596203261","https://openalex.org/W2155491649","https://openalex.org/W2121412398","https://openalex.org/W4245266742","https://openalex.org/W2574274795","https://openalex.org/W4399652845","https://openalex.org/W7150205320","https://openalex.org/W2328261780","https://openalex.org/W2243493889","https://openalex.org/W7054833320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"act":[1],"of":[2,15,92,112,121,133,136,157,165,204,211],"source":[3,46,167,206,232],"code":[4,29],"plagiarism":[5,188,229],"is":[6,19,61,106,140,151,171,197],"an":[7,116],"academic":[8],"offense":[9],"that":[10,183],"discourages":[11],"the":[12,58,65,84,90,96,99,110,131,142,146,155,162,166,191,201,205,209,216,228,236,241,247],"learning":[13],"habits":[14],"students.":[16],"Online":[17],"support":[18],"available":[20],"through":[21],"which":[22],"students":[23,40],"can":[24],"hire":[25],"professional":[26],"developers":[27],"to":[28,41,53,64,75,108,127,153,173,199,223,226,245],"their":[30],"regular":[31],"programming":[32],"tasks.":[33],"These":[34],"facilities":[35],"make":[36],"it":[37,139],"easier":[38],"for":[39,141,187],"practice":[42],"plagiarism.":[43],"First,":[44],"raw":[45],"codes":[47,56,78,85,207],"are":[48,73,184,219],"cleaned":[49],"from":[50],"noisy":[51],"data":[52],"extract":[54],"meaningful":[55,80],"as":[57,95,221],"actual":[59,163,202],"logic":[60],"more":[62,185],"important":[63],"programmers.":[66],"Second,":[67],"pre-processing":[68],"techniques":[69],"based":[70],"on":[71,130],"tokenization":[72],"used":[74,152,172,198,220,240],"convert":[76],"filtered":[77],"into":[79,86,250],"tokens.":[81],"It":[82,123],"breaks":[83],"small":[87],"instances":[88],"with":[89],"number":[91],"occurrences":[93],"known":[94],"frequency.":[97],"Thirdly,":[98],"local":[100],"and":[101,178],"global":[102],"weighting":[103],"scheme":[104],"method":[105,150],"applied":[107],"estimate":[109],"significance":[111],"each":[113,134],"feature":[114,135],"in":[115,129,208],"individual":[117],"or":[118],"a":[119],"group":[120,246],"documents.":[122],"helps":[124],"us":[125],"greatly":[126],"zoom":[128],"importance":[132],"how":[137],"effective":[138,186],"next":[143],"phase.":[144],"Fourth,":[145],"single":[147],"value":[148],"decomposition":[149],"reduce":[154],"dimensions":[156],"these":[158],"features":[159,182,218,249],"by":[160],"maintaining":[161],"semantics":[164,203],"codes.":[168,233],"This":[169],"technique":[170,196],"remove":[174],"overloaded":[175],"noise":[176],"information":[177],"collect":[179],"only":[180],"those":[181],"detection.":[189],"Fifth,":[190],"latent":[192,212],"semantic":[193],"analysis":[194],"(LSA)":[195],"mine":[200],"form":[210],"variables.":[213],"After":[214],"that,":[215],"LSA":[217],"input":[222],"cosine":[224],"similarity":[225],"compute":[227],"among":[230],"different":[231,251],"To":[234],"validate":[235],"proposed":[237],"approach,":[238],"we":[239],"topic":[242],"modeling":[243],"approach":[244],"relevant":[248],"topics.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}