{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131893554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmm-6-1-1","title":"Microstructural Evolution of Bassar Steel during Forging Process","display_name":"Microstructural Evolution of Bassar Steel during Forging Process","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131893554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmm-6-1-1","mag":"3131893554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3131893554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmm-6-1-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmm/6/1/1/index.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764581828","display_name":"American Journal of Educational Research","issn_l":"2327-6126","issn":["2327-6126","2327-6150"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361047355","host_organization_name":"Science and Education Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361047355"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science and Education Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Educational Research","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmm/6/1/1/index.html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047220029","display_name":"Pali Kpelou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-2995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-2995"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pali Kpelou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-2995","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049355792","display_name":"Essow\u00e8 Mouzou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6585-1090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6585-1090"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Essow\u00e8 Mouzou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031799509","display_name":"Ayi Djifa Hounsi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayi Djifa Hounsi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028145802","display_name":"Damgou Mani Kongnine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8170-2893","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8170-2893"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damgou Mani Kongnine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8170-2893","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027095013","display_name":"Tiburce Ahouangbe Aboki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiburce Ahouangbe Aboki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085034063","display_name":"Kossi Napo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kossi Napo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074674261","display_name":"Gnand\u00e9 Dj\u00e9t\u00e9li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gnand\u00e9 Dj\u00e9t\u00e9li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01520544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.48539999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.48539999127388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.2992999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11201","display_name":"Metallurgy and Material Forming","score":0.18619999289512634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructural-evolution","display_name":"microstructure evolution","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-carbide","display_name":"cementite","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equiaxed-grain-structure","display_name":"equiaxed grain structure","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusion","display_name":"inclusion","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ductility","display_name":"ductility","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-recovery","display_name":"metal recovery","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smithing","display_name":"smithing","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96494537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193057","display_name":"Forging","level":2,"score":0.8330904245376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781297133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189335","display_name":"Cementite","level":4,"score":0.7971186637878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.7835233211517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.7669936418533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.7540363073348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6859605312347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5701217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387723","display_name":"Pearlite","level":4,"score":0.5993310213088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13655849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25294","display_name":"Hammer","level":2,"score":0.4727783203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136478896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898288","display_name":"Brittleness","level":2,"score":0.4137461483478546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96288455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487286","display_name":"Austenite","level":3,"score":0.09504148364067078}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3131893554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmm-6-1-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmm/6/1/1/index.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764581828","display_name":"American Journal of Educational Research","issn_l":"2327-6126","issn":["2327-6126","2327-6150"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361047355","host_organization_name":"Science and Education Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361047355"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science and Education Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Educational Research","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3131893554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmm-6-1-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajmm/6/1/1/index.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764581828","display_name":"American Journal of Educational Research","issn_l":"2327-6126","issn":["2327-6126","2327-6150"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4361047355","host_organization_name":"Science and Education Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4361047355"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Science and Education Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Educational Research","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2936608639","https://openalex.org/W2545634641","https://openalex.org/W2897675088","https://openalex.org/W2521764505","https://openalex.org/W2784120194","https://openalex.org/W245176764","https://openalex.org/W1838053359","https://openalex.org/W2024847333","https://openalex.org/W2370994595","https://openalex.org/W6960219126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forging":[0],"was":[1,42],"used":[2,23,43,58],"by":[3,139],"smiths":[4,18],"to":[5,27,63,133,185,226,237,254,275],"make":[6],"products":[7,100],"such":[8],"as":[9,44,59],"kitchenware,":[10],"hand":[11],"tools,":[12],"edged":[13],"weapons":[14],"and":[15,25,34,67,92,167,174,245],"jewelry.":[16],"Kabiye":[17,89,119],"in":[19,142,212],"Togo":[20],"(West":[21],"Africa)":[22],"hammer":[24],"anvil":[26],"produce":[28],"traditional":[29,88,118,187,239,276],"objects":[30,76],"onto":[31],"desired":[32],"shape":[33],"size.":[35],"Long":[36],"time":[37],"ago,":[38],"only":[39],"Bassar":[40,79,85,114,128],"steel":[41,50,86],"a":[45,134],"raw":[46,60],"material.":[47],"Nowadays,":[48],"the":[49,71,109,113,117,143,158,161,164,169,178,186,194,202,205,213,218,223,238,243,264],"parts":[51],"resulting":[52],"from":[53,251],"metal":[54],"recovery":[55],"were":[56,131,150,182,249],"widely":[57],"materials":[61],"due":[62],"their":[64],"low":[65,272],"cost":[66],"easy":[68],"availability.":[69],"But":[70],"final":[72],"users":[73],"prefer":[74],"forged":[75,99,188,240,277],"produced":[77],"with":[78],"steel.":[80],"However,":[81,242],"microstructure":[82,147,173,203],"evolution":[83,111],"of":[84,98,112,127,136,177,197,204,247],"during":[87,116],"forging":[90,120,224],"process":[91,121],"its":[93],"influence":[94],"on":[95],"mechanical":[96,175,260],"properties":[97,176,261],"remains":[101],"an":[102],"outstanding":[103],"issue.":[104],"The":[105,172,190,207,229,266],"present":[106,211],"study":[107],"investigated":[108],"microstructural":[110],"Steel":[115],"at":[122,152],"laboratory":[123,267],"scale.":[124],"Some":[125],"pieces":[126],"steels":[129],"ingots":[130],"subjected":[132],"series":[135],"annealing":[137],"followed":[138],"hot":[140],"rolling":[141],"laboratory.":[144],"To":[145],"follow":[146],"evolution,":[148],"samples":[149,257],"taken":[151],"different":[153,250],"stages:":[154],"after":[155],"cold":[156],"rolling,":[157],"first":[159,162],"annealing-rolling,":[160],"annealing-rolling-annealing,":[163],"fifth":[165,170],"annealing-rolling":[166,198],"finally":[168],"annealing-rolling-annealing.":[171],"last":[179,230],"annealing-rolling-annealing":[180,231],"sample":[181,253,269],"then":[183],"compared":[184,274],"one.":[189,241,278],"results":[191],"showed":[192,270],"that":[193,221],"repeated":[195],"cycles":[196],"operations":[199],"progressively":[200],"homogenize":[201],"sample.":[206],"brittle":[208],"cementite":[209],"phase":[210,216],"BS":[214],"pearlite":[215],"is":[217],"key":[219],"element":[220],"allows":[222],"operation":[225],"be":[227],"effective.":[228],"yielded":[232],"equiaxial":[233],"grain":[234],"structure":[235],"similar":[236,259],"size":[244],"distributions":[246],"inclusions":[248],"one":[252],"another.":[255],"Both":[256],"had":[258],"except":[262],"for":[263],"ductility.":[265],"annealed-rolled":[268],"very":[271],"ductility":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}