{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131722768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","title":"International trade in rough diamonds and the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme","display_name":"International trade in rough diamonds and the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131722768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","mag":"3131722768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X21004010/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85457386","display_name":"World Development","issn_l":"0305-750X","issn":["0305-750X","1873-5991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X21004010/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022159587","display_name":"Stefan Borsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0783-5882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0783-5882"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15766117","display_name":"University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/01faaaf77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15766117"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Borsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Graz, Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, Brandhofgasse 5, AT-8010 Graz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Graz, Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, Brandhofgasse 5, AT-8010 Graz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15766117"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102961697","display_name":"Andrea M. Leiter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8628-5072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8628-5072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190249584","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Maria Leiter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, Universitaetsstrasse 15, AT-6020 Innsbruck, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Innsbruck, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, Universitaetsstrasse 15, AT-6020 Innsbruck, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190249584"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022159587"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15766117"],"apc_list":{"value":3010,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3440},"apc_paid":{"value":3010,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3440},"fwci":1.8906,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87231008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"152","issue":null,"first_page":"105786","last_page":"105786"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8598999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.8598999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.06069999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11552","display_name":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","score":0.023800000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kimberley-process-certification-scheme","display_name":"Kimberley Process Certification Scheme","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rough-diamonds","display_name":"rough diamonds","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-diamonds","display_name":"conflict diamonds","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"international trade","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armed-conflict","display_name":"armed conflict","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rebel-movements","display_name":"rebel movements","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilateral-trade","display_name":"bilateral trade","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-value","display_name":"trade value","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-access","display_name":"market access","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.7107176780700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.6246017217636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994343996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746910","display_name":"International market","level":2,"score":0.5472814440727234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5141658782958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.48474833369255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.47788918018341064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4376178979873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777481183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770787","display_name":"Market access","level":3,"score":0.41519081592559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10497641563415527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0688319206237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X21004010/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85457386","display_name":"World Development","issn_l":"0305-750X","issn":["0305-750X","1873-5991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:grz:wpaper:2021-02","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://unipub.uni-graz.at/obvugrveroeff/download/pdf/9637869?originalFilename=true","pdf_url":"https://unipub.uni-graz.at/obvugrveroeff/download/pdf/9637869?originalFilename=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:152:y:2022:i:c:s0305750x21004010","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X21004010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unipub.uni-graz.at:8901510","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.obvsg.at/urn:nbn:at:at-ubg:3-18314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400359","display_name":"Unipub UB Graz (Universit\u00e4t Graz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I15766117","host_organization_name":"University of Graz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15766117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105786","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X21004010/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85457386","display_name":"World Development","issn_l":"0305-750X","issn":["0305-750X","1873-5991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697},{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5217000246047974},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321009","display_name":"Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/057w15z03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323799","display_name":"Syddansk Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324118","display_name":"European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","ror":"https://ror.org/02jdjf497"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324120","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona","ror":"https://ror.org/039bp8j42"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325582","display_name":"Karl-Franzens-Universit\u00e4t Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/01faaaf77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327491","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck","ror":"https://ror.org/054pv6659"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332222","display_name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337343","display_name":"International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/059fp9t53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131722768.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131722768.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562377919","https://openalex.org/W1967235712","https://openalex.org/W1970945823","https://openalex.org/W1972474624","https://openalex.org/W1981969595","https://openalex.org/W1984274707","https://openalex.org/W1984366873","https://openalex.org/W1991516509","https://openalex.org/W1996729802","https://openalex.org/W2001399967","https://openalex.org/W2005116784","https://openalex.org/W2005667835","https://openalex.org/W2008251331","https://openalex.org/W2032686067","https://openalex.org/W2039958947","https://openalex.org/W2040455415","https://openalex.org/W2041995024","https://openalex.org/W2062298641","https://openalex.org/W2081642877","https://openalex.org/W2100130392","https://openalex.org/W2106483804","https://openalex.org/W2108456737","https://openalex.org/W2117130432","https://openalex.org/W2117680732","https://openalex.org/W2143824413","https://openalex.org/W2148319419","https://openalex.org/W2154312125","https://openalex.org/W2160910958","https://openalex.org/W2166912970","https://openalex.org/W2167085045","https://openalex.org/W2263277890","https://openalex.org/W2284536610","https://openalex.org/W2525541917","https://openalex.org/W2893822658","https://openalex.org/W2901431264","https://openalex.org/W2905452419","https://openalex.org/W2912956542","https://openalex.org/W2914014089","https://openalex.org/W2953600653","https://openalex.org/W3035486538","https://openalex.org/W3118696933","https://openalex.org/W3121210787","https://openalex.org/W3121348644","https://openalex.org/W3121794982","https://openalex.org/W3124123174","https://openalex.org/W4238389367","https://openalex.org/W4253947548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7066658763","https://openalex.org/W7128331562","https://openalex.org/W6912298321","https://openalex.org/W4386828813","https://openalex.org/W2591503065","https://openalex.org/W1958132575","https://openalex.org/W2769824807","https://openalex.org/W2213429590","https://openalex.org/W2742389451","https://openalex.org/W189209136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"2003,":[1],"the":[2,13,21,42,45,76,82,104,114,132],"Kimberley":[3],"Process":[4],"Certification":[5],"Scheme":[6],"(KPCS)":[7],"went":[8],"into":[9,153],"force":[10],"to":[11,20,61,139,145],"stop":[12],"trade":[14,49,69,73,97,105,116,134,147,163],"in":[15,50,96,117,165],"those":[16],"diamonds,":[17],"directly":[18],"linked":[19],"fueling":[22],"of":[23,28,44,75,93],"armed":[24,109],"conflict":[25,34,166],"and":[26,67],"activities":[27],"rebel":[29],"movements,":[30],"also":[31],"known":[32],"as":[33],"diamonds.":[35,52],"This":[36],"article":[37],"gives":[38,151],"empirical":[39],"evidence":[40,130],"on":[41,47,81],"impact":[43,74],"KPCS":[46,57,77,102],"international":[48,62,115,162],"rough":[51,65,118],"We":[53,127],"find":[54],"that":[55,100,131],"bilateral":[56,72],"participation":[58],"facilitates":[59],"access":[60],"markets":[63],"for":[64],"diamonds":[66,119],"increases":[68],"values.":[70],"The":[71],"does":[78],"not":[79,137],"depend":[80],"exporters\u2019":[83,94],"economic":[84],"development":[85],"or":[86,141],"market":[87],"access.":[88],"A":[89],"more":[90],"detailed":[91],"analysis":[92,150],"heterogeneity":[95],"values":[98],"shows":[99],"unilaterally":[101],"intensifies":[103],"impediments":[106],"resulting":[107],"from":[108,121],"conflicts":[110],"and,":[111],"thereby,":[112],"reduces":[113],"stemming":[120],"countries":[122],"with":[123],"ongoing":[124],"internal":[125],"conflicts.":[126],"further":[128],"offer":[129],"KPCS-induced":[133],"effects":[135],"apply":[136],"only":[138],"exporter-":[140],"importer-hubs":[142],"but":[143],"equally":[144],"smaller":[146],"partners.":[148],"Our":[149],"insights":[152],"how":[154],"agreements":[155],"setting":[156],"a":[157],"particular":[158],"standard":[159],"may":[160],"affect":[161],"patterns":[164],"minerals.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}
