{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131540305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714118","title":"Steps of Reasoning in Children and Adolescents","display_name":"Steps of Reasoning in Children and Adolescents","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131540305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714118","mag":"3131540305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/714118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95323914","display_name":"Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0022-3808","issn":["0022-3808","1537-534X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024078312","display_name":"Isabelle Brocas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5847-1428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5847-1428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabelle Brocas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California and Centre for Economic Policy Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California and Centre for Economic Policy Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003190048","display_name":"Juan D. Carrillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-1259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-1259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan D. Carrillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California and Centre for Economic Policy Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California and Centre for Economic Policy Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8849,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96837934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"129","issue":"7","first_page":"2067","last_page":"2111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.8866999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.8866999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.04439999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.03840000182390213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasoning-steps","display_name":"reasoning steps","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"game theory","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equilibrium-play","display_name":"equilibrium play","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-development","display_name":"cognitive development","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-ability","display_name":"innate talent","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151913843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555","display_name":"Dominance (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.724434494972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5257231593132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.5022954940795898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41379866003990173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3588009476661682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30795586109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19842824339866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06429445743560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/714118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/714118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95323914","display_name":"Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0022-3808","issn":["0022-3808","1537-534X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W220822375","https://openalex.org/W602925533","https://openalex.org/W1479678210","https://openalex.org/W1594850618","https://openalex.org/W1924498641","https://openalex.org/W1966528419","https://openalex.org/W1968836633","https://openalex.org/W1976061956","https://openalex.org/W1993429270","https://openalex.org/W2003221643","https://openalex.org/W2006911371","https://openalex.org/W2013067599","https://openalex.org/W2013758865","https://openalex.org/W2015177607","https://openalex.org/W2017302756","https://openalex.org/W2021895097","https://openalex.org/W2023221841","https://openalex.org/W2051696553","https://openalex.org/W2073056654","https://openalex.org/W2082385864","https://openalex.org/W2092978250","https://openalex.org/W2094863706","https://openalex.org/W2105940947","https://openalex.org/W2106326623","https://openalex.org/W2111958325","https://openalex.org/W2119224589","https://openalex.org/W2120404464","https://openalex.org/W2120902717","https://openalex.org/W2157338219","https://openalex.org/W2181605587","https://openalex.org/W2380792990","https://openalex.org/W2556210643","https://openalex.org/W2619310096","https://openalex.org/W2810297480","https://openalex.org/W2894752872","https://openalex.org/W2895791727","https://openalex.org/W2946658890","https://openalex.org/W3000304097","https://openalex.org/W3004527299","https://openalex.org/W3101379655","https://openalex.org/W3122099321","https://openalex.org/W3122158347","https://openalex.org/W3123856372","https://openalex.org/W3124616508","https://openalex.org/W3126098388","https://openalex.org/W3160855284","https://openalex.org/W4246358566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000304097","https://openalex.org/W4390611405","https://openalex.org/W2810297480","https://openalex.org/W4406658743","https://openalex.org/W2164804898","https://openalex.org/W1976061956","https://openalex.org/W1998840418","https://openalex.org/W7204461879","https://openalex.org/W2988941928","https://openalex.org/W4408977302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"develop":[1],"a":[2,7,38,44],"novel":[3],"graphical":[4],"paradigm":[5],"of":[6,15,17,46,64,79],"strict-dominance-solvable":[8],"game":[9],"to":[10,57,81],"study":[11],"the":[12,28,62,77],"developmental":[13],"trajectory":[14],"steps":[16],"reasoning":[18],"between":[19],"8":[20],"years":[21],"old":[22],"and":[23,72],"adulthood.":[24],"Most":[25],"participants":[26,52],"play":[27,58,66,83],"equilibrium":[29,47,65,82],"action":[30],"either":[31],"always":[32],"or":[33],"only":[34],"when":[35],"they":[36],"have":[37],"dominant":[39],"strategy.":[40],"Although":[41],"age":[42,80],"is":[43],"determinant":[45],"choice,":[48],"some":[49],"very":[50],"young":[51],"display":[53],"an":[54],"innate":[55],"ability":[56],"at":[59],"equilibrium.":[60],"Finally,":[61],"proportion":[63],"increases":[67],"significantly":[68],"until":[69],"fifth":[70],"grade":[71],"stabilizes":[73],"afterward,":[74],"suggesting":[75],"that":[76],"contribution":[78],"vanishes":[84],"early":[85],"in":[86],"life.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}