{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131523048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041092","title":"Comparative Investigation of Yield and Quality of Bio-Oil and Biochar from Pyrolysis of Woody and Non-Woody Biomasses","display_name":"Comparative Investigation of Yield and Quality of Bio-Oil and Biochar from Pyrolysis of Woody and Non-Woody Biomasses","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131523048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041092","mag":"3131523048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14041092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1092/pdf?version=1613733217","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1092/pdf?version=1613733217","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011776606","display_name":"Pranshu Shrivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-657X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-657X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranshu Shrivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-657X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022603456","display_name":"Anil Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-4347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-4347","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3983-8508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I863896202","display_name":"Delhi Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ztcvt22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Energy and Environment, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Energy and Environment, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056593287","display_name":"Perapong Tekasakul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-1445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-1445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perapong Tekasakul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023407956","display_name":"Su Shiung Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-1760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-1760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157696592","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Terengganu","ror":"https://ror.org/02474f074","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Shiung Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-1760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157696592"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041621742","display_name":"Arkom Palamanit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2833-9754","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2833-9754"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131868736","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arkom Palamanit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Technology Program, Department of Specialized Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand","Energy Technology Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Technology Program, Department of Specialized Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Technology Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041621742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131868736"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2160},"fwci":3.0411,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92280299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"1092","last_page":"1092"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis","display_name":"pyrolysis","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bio-oil","display_name":"bio-oil","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar","display_name":"biochar","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/woody-biomass","display_name":"woody biomass","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-woody-biomass","display_name":"non-woody biomass","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-palm-trunk","display_name":"oil palm trunk","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-palm-fronds","display_name":"oil palm fronds","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis-temperature","display_name":"pyrolysis temperature","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bio-oil-yield","display_name":"bio-oil yield","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar-yield","display_name":"biochar yield","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slagging-and-fouling","display_name":"slagging and fouling","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofuels","display_name":"biofuels","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-sequestration","display_name":"carbon sequestration","score":0.9390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.9753177762031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.8526442050933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.707655131816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.6215711832046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780308376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816713","display_name":"Sawdust","level":2,"score":0.5607318878173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5603175163269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4897187054157257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154877778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630655","display_name":"Carbonization","level":3,"score":0.4864208698272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156383657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902126","display_name":"Heat of combustion","level":3,"score":0.4819314479827881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526406351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177463","display_name":"Charcoal","level":2,"score":0.4441046714782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.20148113369941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1661873459815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.15663805603981018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.14413461089134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.13282155990600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14041092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1092/pdf?version=1613733217","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:4:p:1092-:d:501950","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1092/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc0af12f8f95469a8a0162f8827a3d24","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc0af12f8f95469a8a0162f8827a3d24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 14, Iss 4, p 1092 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en14041092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041092","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1092/pdf?version=1613733217","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322692","display_name":"Prince of Songkla University","ror":"https://ror.org/0575ycz84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337243","display_name":"Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131523048.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3131523048.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W942934099","https://openalex.org/W1686913351","https://openalex.org/W1967494965","https://openalex.org/W1971806171","https://openalex.org/W1973396903","https://openalex.org/W1973982799","https://openalex.org/W1977879393","https://openalex.org/W1987415646","https://openalex.org/W1992094443","https://openalex.org/W1997425623","https://openalex.org/W1997660629","https://openalex.org/W2004376930","https://openalex.org/W2005324916","https://openalex.org/W2005634799","https://openalex.org/W2006276740","https://openalex.org/W2007667918","https://openalex.org/W2014072902","https://openalex.org/W2017607227","https://openalex.org/W2017879277","https://openalex.org/W2018305496","https://openalex.org/W2023014640","https://openalex.org/W2026601977","https://openalex.org/W2030408564","https://openalex.org/W2043419199","https://openalex.org/W2043666961","https://openalex.org/W2046701302","https://openalex.org/W2052528277","https://openalex.org/W2055753810","https://openalex.org/W2059652548","https://openalex.org/W2064530152","https://openalex.org/W2067374309","https://openalex.org/W2067498283","https://openalex.org/W2069475117","https://openalex.org/W2072697034","https://openalex.org/W2081347428","https://openalex.org/W2082812455","https://openalex.org/W2084037998","https://openalex.org/W2084122716","https://openalex.org/W2086718572","https://openalex.org/W2089223635","https://openalex.org/W2092225490","https://openalex.org/W2092776913","https://openalex.org/W2093098048","https://openalex.org/W2095505314","https://openalex.org/W2097307505","https://openalex.org/W2097457893","https://openalex.org/W2097747352","https://openalex.org/W2098774251","https://openalex.org/W2107468066","https://openalex.org/W2118717776","https://openalex.org/W2125006526","https://openalex.org/W2125689633","https://openalex.org/W2134216633","https://openalex.org/W2141370599","https://openalex.org/W2156248754","https://openalex.org/W2190926082","https://openalex.org/W2199432097","https://openalex.org/W2225755105","https://openalex.org/W2320529188","https://openalex.org/W2376100273","https://openalex.org/W2398232124","https://openalex.org/W2461137163","https://openalex.org/W2468461238","https://openalex.org/W2470058859","https://openalex.org/W2510380956","https://openalex.org/W2513145988","https://openalex.org/W2528328855","https://openalex.org/W2558755145","https://openalex.org/W2590227807","https://openalex.org/W2594541529","https://openalex.org/W2621116223","https://openalex.org/W2735710208","https://openalex.org/W2754596562","https://openalex.org/W2767255699","https://openalex.org/W2769842829","https://openalex.org/W2771617838","https://openalex.org/W2779394312","https://openalex.org/W2791530336","https://openalex.org/W2792015464","https://openalex.org/W2794076824","https://openalex.org/W2794174134","https://openalex.org/W2808752493","https://openalex.org/W2811133697","https://openalex.org/W2885402186","https://openalex.org/W2887867985","https://openalex.org/W2890289147","https://openalex.org/W2896903234","https://openalex.org/W2897230371","https://openalex.org/W2900797366","https://openalex.org/W2902262831","https://openalex.org/W2938408278","https://openalex.org/W2942880199","https://openalex.org/W2950163972","https://openalex.org/W2953491565","https://openalex.org/W2955067943","https://openalex.org/W2958507829","https://openalex.org/W2961120536","https://openalex.org/W2966193110","https://openalex.org/W2990403584","https://openalex.org/W2990675573","https://openalex.org/W2997591431","https://openalex.org/W3000130751","https://openalex.org/W3000639442","https://openalex.org/W3006022510","https://openalex.org/W3009477033","https://openalex.org/W3033480294","https://openalex.org/W3090963481","https://openalex.org/W4235245208","https://openalex.org/W4238833430","https://openalex.org/W6708984639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7120504647","https://openalex.org/W2990675573","https://openalex.org/W3090963481","https://openalex.org/W3018555371","https://openalex.org/W3189054240","https://openalex.org/W2017160422","https://openalex.org/W2567183055","https://openalex.org/W2604958245","https://openalex.org/W3187302373","https://openalex.org/W2916341857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,58,80,95,103,110,154,171,187,193,215],"quantitative":[4],"and":[5,11,22,29,46,56,60,65,75,85,121,176,231,238,244,254],"qualitative":[6],"attributes":[7],"of":[8,16,41,62,83,89,102,150,179,186,192,206,212,219],"liquid":[9,63,73,97,106,115,236],"product":[10,64,74,107,116,237],"biochar":[12,66,76,151,168,180,194,207,220,239],"obtained":[13,240],"from":[14,184,241],"pyrolysis":[15,54],"woody":[17],"biomass":[18,36,226],"(rubberwood":[19],"sawdust":[20],"(RWS))":[21],"non-woody":[23],"biomasses":[24],"(oil":[25],"palm":[26,31],"trunk":[27],"(OPT)":[28],"oil":[30],"fronds":[32],"(OPF)).":[33],"The":[34,69,99,114,131,145,174,203],"prepared":[35],"was":[37,108,152,208,221],"pyrolyzed":[38],"at":[39,91],"temperatures":[40],"500":[42],"\u00b0C,":[43,45],"550":[44,92],"600":[47],"\u00b0C":[48,93],"by":[49,129,229],"using":[50],"an":[51],"agitated":[52],"bed":[53],"reactor,":[55],"then":[57],"yields":[59,77],"characteristics":[61],"were":[67,78,142,181],"determined.":[68],"results":[70,234],"showed":[71],"that":[72,161,211,247],"in":[79,109,153,167,170,200],"respective":[81],"ranges":[82],"35.94\u201354.40%":[84],"23.46\u201325.98%":[86],"(wt.).":[87],"Pyrolysis":[88],"RWS":[90],"provided":[94],"highest":[96],"yield.":[98],"energy":[100],"content":[101,191],"water":[104],"free":[105],"range":[111,155],"12.19\u201322.32":[112],"MJ/kg.":[113,157],"had":[117,133,164],"a":[118],"low":[119,143],"pH":[120],"it":[122],"mainly":[123],"contained":[124],"phenol":[125],"groups":[126],"as":[127,227],"indicated":[128],"GC-MS.":[130],"biochars":[132],"high":[134],"carbon":[135,190,201],"contents":[136,141,166],"(75.07\u201382.02%),":[137],"while":[138,214],"their":[139],"oxygen":[140],"(14.22\u201322%).":[144],"higher":[146,165],"heating":[147],"value":[148],"(HHV)":[149],"26.42\u201329.33":[156],"XRF":[158],"analysis":[159],"revealed":[160,228],"inorganic":[162],"elements":[163],"than":[169,210,223],"original":[172],"biomass.":[173,188],"slagging":[175],"fouling":[177],"indexes":[178],"also":[182],"different":[183],"those":[185],"High":[189],"confirms":[195],"potential":[196],"for":[197,224,252],"its":[198],"use":[199],"sequestration.":[202],"specific":[204],"surface":[205],"lower":[209],"biomass,":[213],"average":[216],"pore":[217],"diameter":[218],"larger":[222],"raw":[225],"BET":[230],"SEM.":[232],"These":[233],"on":[235],"RWS,":[242],"OPT,":[243],"OPF":[245],"demonstrate":[246],"they":[248],"are":[249],"promising":[250],"feedstocks":[251],"biofuels":[253],"other":[255],"value-added":[256],"products.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}