{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131201641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114762","title":"A probabilistic clustering model for hate speech classification in twitter","display_name":"A probabilistic clustering model for hate speech classification in twitter","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131201641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114762","mag":"3131201641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089229270","display_name":"Femi Emmanuel Ayo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-5985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-5985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131280167","display_name":"McPherson University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zcb2d36","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131280167"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Femi Emmanuel Ayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical and Computer Sciences, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, Ogun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-5985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical and Computer Sciences, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, Ogun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131280167"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083571530","display_name":"Olusegun O. Folorunso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-7375","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-7375"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18045400","display_name":"Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta","ror":"https://ror.org/050s1zm26","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18045400"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olusegun Folorunso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18045400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089801209","display_name":"Friday Thomas Ibharalu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18045400","display_name":"Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta","ror":"https://ror.org/050s1zm26","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18045400"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friday Thomas Ibharalu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18045400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058724019","display_name":"Idowu Ademola Osinuga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18045400","display_name":"Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta","ror":"https://ror.org/050s1zm26","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18045400"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Idowu Ademola Osinuga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18045400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017416736","display_name":"Adebayo Adewumi Abayomi-Alli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3875-1606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3875-1606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18045400","display_name":"Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta","ror":"https://ror.org/050s1zm26","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18045400"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adebayo Abayomi-Alli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18045400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089229270"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131280167"],"apc_list":{"value":2640,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2640},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3809,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95606019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"173","issue":null,"first_page":"114762","last_page":"114762"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hate-speech-detection","display_name":"hate speech detection","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twitter","display_name":"Twitter","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-clustering","display_name":"probabilistic clustering","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"fuzzy logic","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-clustering","display_name":"rule-based clustering","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topic-inference","display_name":"topic inference","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-classifier","display_name":"Bayesian classifier","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tf-idf-features","display_name":"TF-IDF features","score":0.8510000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7760053873062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5933874845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5923143029212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5337669849395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5054206848144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.44250380992889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.44212716817855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4166279137134552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.39287447929382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3682677149772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.19002509117126465}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13144211","display_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","issn_l":"0957-4174","issn":["0957-4174","1873-6793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","fnege-3","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Expert Systems with Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20483661","https://openalex.org/W40549020","https://openalex.org/W78136081","https://openalex.org/W80056832","https://openalex.org/W82072587","https://openalex.org/W144670803","https://openalex.org/W176212337","https://openalex.org/W190660585","https://openalex.org/W374570450","https://openalex.org/W1266868985","https://openalex.org/W1524281572","https://openalex.org/W1634225020","https://openalex.org/W1651093245","https://openalex.org/W1858725914","https://openalex.org/W1871142974","https://openalex.org/W1890727290","https://openalex.org/W1894599946","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W2020360881","https://openalex.org/W2021958957","https://openalex.org/W2027968480","https://openalex.org/W2031838470","https://openalex.org/W2033615083","https://openalex.org/W2044933868","https://openalex.org/W2059503205","https://openalex.org/W2084591134","https://openalex.org/W2097726431","https://openalex.org/W2101196063","https://openalex.org/W2102381086","https://openalex.org/W2108329065","https://openalex.org/W2113125055","https://openalex.org/W2121001699","https://openalex.org/W2124499489","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2145139979","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2181854537","https://openalex.org/W2215547079","https://openalex.org/W2256256461","https://openalex.org/W2274245116","https://openalex.org/W2285252321","https://openalex.org/W2395693197","https://openalex.org/W2413989169","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2540646130","https://openalex.org/W2550706273","https://openalex.org/W2566782476","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2740263854","https://openalex.org/W2756474357","https://openalex.org/W2771016175","https://openalex.org/W2775040700","https://openalex.org/W2779402179","https://openalex.org/W2785615365","https://openalex.org/W2786315637","https://openalex.org/W2794585602","https://openalex.org/W2800225499","https://openalex.org/W2805551365","https://openalex.org/W2882319491","https://openalex.org/W2888167352","https://openalex.org/W2889771151","https://openalex.org/W2890484448","https://openalex.org/W2890727387","https://openalex.org/W2898226046","https://openalex.org/W2900200137","https://openalex.org/W2906697481","https://openalex.org/W2908323419","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2913556077","https://openalex.org/W2922580172","https://openalex.org/W2938824800","https://openalex.org/W2941596569","https://openalex.org/W2945910330","https://openalex.org/W2949089361","https://openalex.org/W2953526793","https://openalex.org/W2955790372","https://openalex.org/W2955800005","https://openalex.org/W2962694582","https://openalex.org/W2962740662","https://openalex.org/W2962875044","https://openalex.org/W2963505958","https://openalex.org/W2972463128","https://openalex.org/W2972740340","https://openalex.org/W2973089652","https://openalex.org/W2980481399","https://openalex.org/W2987489057","https://openalex.org/W2991705288","https://openalex.org/W3003499884","https://openalex.org/W3007065191","https://openalex.org/W3009118286","https://openalex.org/W3009799308","https://openalex.org/W3011385529","https://openalex.org/W3013027210","https://openalex.org/W3036074945","https://openalex.org/W3105113320","https://openalex.org/W3109544720","https://openalex.org/W4205184193","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4235271607","https://openalex.org/W4248491679","https://openalex.org/W4255173720","https://openalex.org/W4302085215","https://openalex.org/W6655804250","https://openalex.org/W6688729603","https://openalex.org/W6712652615","https://openalex.org/W6765155117","https://openalex.org/W6765457563","https://openalex.org/W6765988816","https://openalex.org/W7024235081"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093080381","https://openalex.org/W3039573821","https://openalex.org/W4242666523","https://openalex.org/W3113700904","https://openalex.org/W4391318443","https://openalex.org/W4293646489","https://openalex.org/W6911249077","https://openalex.org/W4221111024","https://openalex.org/W2943074275","https://openalex.org/W7171205708"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}
