{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131032234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2020.1130","title":"Efficient and unified license plate recognition via lightweight deep neural network","display_name":"Efficient and unified license plate recognition via lightweight deep neural network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131032234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2020.1130","mag":"3131032234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-ipr.2020.1130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2020.1130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2020.1130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83215360","display_name":"IET Image Processing","issn_l":"1751-9659","issn":["1751-9659","1751-9667"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082511131","display_name":"Shuxin Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4123-1991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4123-1991"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuxin Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["AInnovation Technology Co., Ltd., No.6 Xingzhi Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AInnovation Technology Co., Ltd., No.6 Xingzhi Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090096737","display_name":"Sijiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-4051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-4051"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.9 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No.9 Wenyuan Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082511131"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2740},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6749,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68682864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"16","first_page":"4102","last_page":"4109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license-plate-recognition","display_name":"license plate recognition","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightweight-convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"lightweight convolutional neural network","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-task-learning","display_name":"multi-task learning","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionist-temporal-classification","display_name":"connectionist temporal classification","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-labeling","display_name":"sequence labeling","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-recognition","display_name":"end-to-end recognition","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"character recognition","score":0.7390000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.8564162850379944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7003875374794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6703022718429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.524552583694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42908382415771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34155720472335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10698562860488892}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-ipr.2020.1130","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2020.1130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2020.1130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83215360","display_name":"IET Image Processing","issn_l":"1751-9659","issn":["1751-9659","1751-9667"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-c","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W2008701414","https://openalex.org/W2024121930","https://openalex.org/W2095565388","https://openalex.org/W2102608210","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2149736231","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194187530","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2309015593","https://openalex.org/W2575354312","https://openalex.org/W2585184564","https://openalex.org/W2733746619","https://openalex.org/W2748854270","https://openalex.org/W2770614237","https://openalex.org/W2788907956","https://openalex.org/W2791773255","https://openalex.org/W2792464919","https://openalex.org/W2809970272","https://openalex.org/W2888645586","https://openalex.org/W2893345277","https://openalex.org/W2895160027","https://openalex.org/W2895275282","https://openalex.org/W2897185734","https://openalex.org/W2922481226","https://openalex.org/W2944525610","https://openalex.org/W2962829835","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2997239306","https://openalex.org/W3004000167","https://openalex.org/W3025417878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902932892","https://openalex.org/W2962829835","https://openalex.org/W3004000167","https://openalex.org/W2759538494","https://openalex.org/W3167911834","https://openalex.org/W2279655419","https://openalex.org/W4385991045","https://openalex.org/W2771138048","https://openalex.org/W4402335461","https://openalex.org/W2792464919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"the":[3,16,71,73,112,148,153,162],"authors":[4,74],"are":[5,30,43,55,137],"interested":[6],"in":[7,88],"building":[8],"a":[9,76],"unified":[10,77],"deep":[11],"learning":[12,114],"framework":[13],"to":[14,47,107,118],"solve":[15,70],"recognition":[17,128],"problem":[18],"of":[19,51,63],"both":[20,82,158],"single\u2010line":[21,33,83],"and":[22,41,59,67,84,95,124,161],"double\u2010line":[23,38,85],"car":[24],"license":[25,34,86,121],"plates.":[26],"Most":[27],"existing":[28],"methods":[29,54,156],"designed":[31],"for":[32],"plate":[35,122],"recognition.":[36,68,126],"For":[37],"cases,":[39],"detection":[40],"segmentation":[42,66,94],"usually":[44,56],"adopted":[45],"firstly":[46],"locate":[48],"each":[49],"line":[50,93],"characters.":[52],"These":[53],"environmentally":[57],"sensitive":[58],"will":[60],"bring":[61],"propagation":[62],"error":[64],"between":[65],"To":[69],"problems,":[72,135],"propose":[75],"method":[78,150],"that":[79,147],"can":[80],"recognise":[81],"plates":[87],"an":[89,99],"end\u2010to\u2010end":[90],"way":[91],"without":[92],"character":[96,125],"segmentation.":[97],"Specifically,":[98],"improved":[100],"lightweight":[101],"convolutional":[102],"neural":[103],"network":[104],"is":[105,116,130],"used":[106,117],"extract":[108],"features":[109],"efficiently.":[110],"Then,":[111],"multi\u2010task":[113],"strategy":[115],"simultaneously":[119],"perform":[120],"classification":[123,142],"Finally,":[127],"task":[129],"treated":[131],"as":[132],"sequence":[133],"labelling":[134],"which":[136],"solved":[138],"by":[139],"connectionist":[140],"temporal":[141],"directly.":[143],"Experimental":[144],"results":[145],"indicate":[146],"proposed":[149],"significantly":[151],"outperforms":[152],"previous":[154],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[155],"on":[157],"public":[159],"datasets":[160],"synthetic":[163],"dataset.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}