{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130195727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202000026","title":"Studies of electrical and optical properties of cadmium\u2010doped zinc oxide for energy conversion devices","display_name":"Studies of electrical and optical properties of cadmium\u2010doped zinc oxide for energy conversion devices","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130195727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202000026","mag":"3130195727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/fuce.202000026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202000026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202000026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176175666","display_name":"Fuel Cells","issn_l":"1615-6846","issn":["1615-6846","1615-6854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fuel Cells","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081904324","display_name":"Marriam Zahra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-237X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-237X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marriam Zahra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733218","display_name":"Amjad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-4066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-4066","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7734-7569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130814776","display_name":"University of Okara","ror":"https://ror.org/02fmg6q11","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130814776"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan","Department of Physics, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-4066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130814776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006209470","display_name":"Arif Khalil","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arif Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005935747","display_name":"Saif Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-4911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-4911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saif Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007571851","display_name":"Naveed Mushtaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6955-0698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6955-0698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Mushtaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001126496","display_name":"Muhammad Akbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9652-6167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9652-6167","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-8307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Akbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043917821","display_name":"Rizwan Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-3630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-3630"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rizwan Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-3630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clean Energy Research Lab (CERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043917821","https://openalex.org/A5100733218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960","https://openalex.org/I3130814776"],"apc_list":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3559,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42332535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"164","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10090","display_name":"ZnO doping and properties","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10090","display_name":"ZnO doping and properties","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10311","display_name":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","score":0.050700001418590546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.017500000074505806,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sol-gel-synthesis","display_name":"sol-gel synthesis","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-parameters","display_name":"lattice parameters","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-gap","display_name":"band gap","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallite-size","display_name":"crystallite size","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-morphology","display_name":"particle morphology","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductivity","display_name":"electrical conductivity","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-dependence-of-resistance","display_name":"temperature dependence of resistance","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-circuit-voltage","display_name":"open-circuit voltage","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conversion-devices","display_name":"energy conversion systems","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7798452377319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.6337505578994751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7040849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899580","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.6218490600585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137637335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899604","display_name":"Crystallite","level":2,"score":0.5933538675308228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.5336459875106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.5000081062316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.492216020822525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.472817063331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.4412165880203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535196362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758","display_name":"Zinc","level":2,"score":0.426283597946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.36149531602859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.27056416869163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.12179288268089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10881191492080688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.09393453598022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08999884128570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.07923060655593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.06822794675827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/fuce.202000026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202000026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.202000026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176175666","display_name":"Fuel Cells","issn_l":"1615-6846","issn":["1615-6846","1615-6854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fuel Cells","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9090999960899353}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38444228","https://openalex.org/W149568049","https://openalex.org/W285749399","https://openalex.org/W379136801","https://openalex.org/W1767612049","https://openalex.org/W1890592491","https://openalex.org/W1929653655","https://openalex.org/W1972932171","https://openalex.org/W1981368803","https://openalex.org/W1986288059","https://openalex.org/W1986692659","https://openalex.org/W1997140292","https://openalex.org/W1999359497","https://openalex.org/W1999962275","https://openalex.org/W2000857086","https://openalex.org/W2004675634","https://openalex.org/W2016325227","https://openalex.org/W2027244847","https://openalex.org/W2036113194","https://openalex.org/W2039970342","https://openalex.org/W2041620959","https://openalex.org/W2045228444","https://openalex.org/W2056368350","https://openalex.org/W2063435984","https://openalex.org/W2066742298","https://openalex.org/W2069167009","https://openalex.org/W2069960701","https://openalex.org/W2070874427","https://openalex.org/W2071636397","https://openalex.org/W2073052292","https://openalex.org/W2076858582","https://openalex.org/W2086021160","https://openalex.org/W2089244137","https://openalex.org/W2098442460","https://openalex.org/W2114594726","https://openalex.org/W2120105133","https://openalex.org/W2149934264","https://openalex.org/W2159752439","https://openalex.org/W2165685541","https://openalex.org/W2230728100","https://openalex.org/W2464838441","https://openalex.org/W2553033981","https://openalex.org/W2618853212","https://openalex.org/W2762796676","https://openalex.org/W2784957606","https://openalex.org/W2800351531","https://openalex.org/W2887235074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3141794248","https://openalex.org/W4282927925","https://openalex.org/W4412737758","https://openalex.org/W3176486740","https://openalex.org/W7216691017","https://openalex.org/W1969943008","https://openalex.org/W1924352853","https://openalex.org/W4412906441","https://openalex.org/W7160537500","https://openalex.org/W2392651664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"modern":[3],"era,":[4],"energy":[5,19,29],"devices":[6,21],"have":[7,22,49],"become":[8],"an":[9,126],"important":[10],"part":[11],"of":[12,18,80,86,92,103,110,139,144],"our":[13],"daily":[14],"life.":[15],"Various":[16],"types":[17],"conversion":[20],"been":[23,35,50],"developed":[24],"to":[25],"meet":[26],"the":[27,38,45,62,65,69,74,84,90,101,122],"current":[28],"demands.":[30],"Semiconductor":[31],"anode":[32],"(CdZnO)":[33],"has":[34],"synthesized":[36],"by":[37],"sol\u2010gel":[39],"method":[40],"and":[41,44,53,72,95,142],"lattice":[42,70],"constants":[43],"band":[46],"gap":[47],"results":[48,56],"compared":[51],"experimentally":[52,107],"theoretically.":[54],"XRD":[55],"show":[57],"that":[58],"Cd\u2010doped":[59,81],"ZnO":[60,82],"shifts":[61],"peaks":[63],"toward":[64],"lower":[66],"angles,":[67],"increases":[68],"parameters,":[71],"decreases":[73],"crystallite":[75],"size":[76],"(48":[77],"nm).":[78],"Microstructure":[79],"shows":[83,121,133],"agglomerations":[85],"particles,":[87],"found":[88],"in":[89,100,128],"shape":[91],"cubes,":[93],"hexagons,":[94],"dumbbell":[96],"shapes":[97],"with":[98,125],"diameter":[99],"range":[102],"2\u20137":[104],"\u00b5m.":[105],"The":[106,117,130],"obtained":[108],"conductivity":[109],"CdZnO":[111],"is":[112],"0.142":[113],"S/cm":[114],"at":[115,147],"550\u00b0C.":[116,148],"electrochemical":[118],"impedance":[119],"spectroscopy":[120],"decreased":[123],"resistance":[124],"increase":[127],"temperature.":[129],"doped":[131],"system":[132],"a":[134],"maximum":[135],"open":[136],"circuit":[137],"voltage":[138],"0.95":[140],"V":[141],"performance":[143],"0.52":[145],"W/cm2":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}