{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3130089550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab001","title":"The effect of education based on PEN-3 cultural model on students' menstrual health behaviors: a mixed method study","display_name":"The effect of education based on PEN-3 cultural model on students' menstrual health behaviors: a mixed method study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3130089550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab001","mag":"3130089550","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33608708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/her/cyab001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81330422","display_name":"Health Education Research","issn_l":"0268-1153","issn":["0268-1153","1465-3648"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Education Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042244716","display_name":"Neda Mohammadinia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121477","display_name":"Bam University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02mm76478","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121477"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neda Mohammadinia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammad Ali Rezaei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121477","display_name":"Bam University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02mm76478","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121477"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ali Rezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121477"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020274096","display_name":"Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-3932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-3932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223669574","display_name":"Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01zby9g91","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223669574"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of health education and promotion, school of public health, social determinants of health research center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of health education and promotion, school of public health, social determinants of health research center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223669574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082397318","display_name":"Nastaran Heydarikhayat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-325X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-325X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098257","display_name":"Iranshahr University","ror":"https://ror.org/00vp5ry21","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098257"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nastaran Heydarikhayat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nursing, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nursing, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082397318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098257"],"apc_list":{"value":3894,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3894},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82045464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"239","last_page":"247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12054","display_name":"Menstrual Health and Disorders","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12054","display_name":"Menstrual Health and Disorders","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12194","display_name":"Cultural Competency in Health Care","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menstrual-health","display_name":"menstrual health","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pen-3-cultural-model","display_name":"PEN-3 cultural model","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-education-intervention","display_name":"health education intervention","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-students","display_name":"school students","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/girls-health","display_name":"girls' health","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iran","display_name":"Iran","score":0.3089999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779771394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12171","display_name":"Menstruation","level":2,"score":0.6277161240577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5836898684501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.5256641507148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5236963033676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113807197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60894","display_name":"Health education","level":3,"score":0.48515161871910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4645070731639862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.45726096630096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4416193962097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206041023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751970","display_name":"Wilcoxon signed-rank test","level":3,"score":0.42688286304473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4095551669597626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4060712158679962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37622734904289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.35399046540260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.26485589146614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.2087177336215973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.12192657589912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006920","descriptor_name":"Hygiene","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007492","descriptor_name":"Iran","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008598","descriptor_name":"Menstruation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/her/cyab001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81330422","display_name":"Health Education Research","issn_l":"0268-1153","issn":["0268-1153","1465-3648"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Education Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33608708","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33608708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health education research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115479784","https://openalex.org/W1485393673","https://openalex.org/W1968132663","https://openalex.org/W1992839573","https://openalex.org/W1996945543","https://openalex.org/W2029518469","https://openalex.org/W2042466210","https://openalex.org/W2067864190","https://openalex.org/W2069296186","https://openalex.org/W2074292184","https://openalex.org/W2084355086","https://openalex.org/W2090486171","https://openalex.org/W2107855777","https://openalex.org/W2112927998","https://openalex.org/W2123858422","https://openalex.org/W2131535136","https://openalex.org/W2136149486","https://openalex.org/W2137022462","https://openalex.org/W2168309671","https://openalex.org/W2183627948","https://openalex.org/W2232602379","https://openalex.org/W2238238603","https://openalex.org/W2242910281","https://openalex.org/W2376385834","https://openalex.org/W2466402180","https://openalex.org/W2468608471","https://openalex.org/W2554843304","https://openalex.org/W2567488743","https://openalex.org/W2583496108","https://openalex.org/W2611593264","https://openalex.org/W2626495096","https://openalex.org/W2725109608","https://openalex.org/W2735645633","https://openalex.org/W2767965801","https://openalex.org/W2890643375","https://openalex.org/W2902759438","https://openalex.org/W2904190350","https://openalex.org/W2911691224","https://openalex.org/W2912979184","https://openalex.org/W2918361878","https://openalex.org/W2940964448","https://openalex.org/W2990565783","https://openalex.org/W3012589149","https://openalex.org/W3033945428","https://openalex.org/W3041381885","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4366728288","https://openalex.org/W6604603503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311719567","https://openalex.org/W4389976890","https://openalex.org/W4311160661","https://openalex.org/W7162933766","https://openalex.org/W2891666522","https://openalex.org/W3108635614","https://openalex.org/W1603300544","https://openalex.org/W7010543641","https://openalex.org/W2918361878","https://openalex.org/W2262125852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Menstruation":[0],"is":[1,10,181],"a":[2,62,112],"natural":[3],"process":[4],"in":[5,21,58,93,153],"girls,":[6],"but":[7],"sometimes":[8],"it":[9,180],"accompanied":[11],"by":[12,111,118,148],"beliefs":[13],"and":[14,34,40,77,83,105,114,120,133,144,150,159,164,169,193],"behaviors":[15,57],"with":[16],"cultural":[17,38,51,172,195],"roots":[18],"that":[19],"result":[20],"poor":[22],"health":[23,56,140,177,186],"consequences;":[24],"this":[25],"study":[26],"aimed":[27],"to":[28,36,41,166,183],"consider":[29],"perceptions":[30],"of":[31,45,129,138,161,190,197],"individual,":[32],"families":[33],"community":[35],"current":[37],"beliefs,":[39],"determine":[42],"the":[43,49,67,87,109,130,139,162,185,194],"effect":[44],"education":[46],"based":[47],"on":[48,53,127],"PEN-3":[50],"model":[52,131],"students'":[54],"menstrual":[55,176],"Iran.":[59],"Study":[60],"had":[61],"mixed":[63],"method":[64],"design.":[65],"In":[66,86],"qualitative":[68],"phase,":[69,89],"data":[70,101],"were":[71,102,116],"collected":[72,103],"from":[73],"students,":[74],"their":[75],"mothers":[76],"teachers":[78],"through":[79],"focused":[80],"group":[81,155],"discussion":[82],"in-depth":[84],"interviews.":[85],"quantitative":[88],"training":[90,110,143],"was":[91,125],"done":[92],"four":[94],"2-h":[95],"sessions":[96],"for":[97],"intervention":[98,154],"group.":[99],"The":[100,157],"immediately":[104],"2":[106,145],"months":[107,146],"after":[108,142],"questionnaire":[113],"they":[115],"analyzed":[117],"Friedman":[119],"Wilcoxon":[121],"non-parametric":[122],"tests.":[123],"Training":[124],"effective":[126],"all":[128],"structures":[132],"significantly":[134],"increased":[135],"mean":[136],"score":[137],"behavior":[141,160],"later":[147],"8.74":[149],"13.86,":[151],"respectively,":[152],"(P<0.05).":[156],"perception":[158],"others":[163],"access":[165],"sanitary":[167],"services":[168],"products,":[170],"especially":[171],"factors":[173],"affect":[174],"girls''":[175],"behaviors,":[178],"therefore,":[179],"necessary":[182],"design":[184],"plans":[187],"regarding":[188],"each":[189,198],"these":[191],"factors,":[192],"context":[196],"community.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}
