{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3129904616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","title":"Polygenic prediction of type 2 diabetes in continental Africa","display_name":"Polygenic prediction of type 2 diabetes in continental Africa","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3129904616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","mag":"3129904616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/02/12/2021.02.11.430719.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/02/12/2021.02.11.430719.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084847544","display_name":"Tinashe Chikowore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-751X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-751X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tinashe Chikowore","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit. Department of Pediatrics. Faculty of Health Sciences. University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg. South Africa","Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience. Faculty of Health Sciences. University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg. South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit. Department of Pediatrics. Faculty of Health Sciences. University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg. South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience. Faculty of Health Sciences. University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg. South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071332616","display_name":"Kenneth Ekoru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-4597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-4597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Ekoru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007930206","display_name":"Marijana Vujkovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4924-5714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4924-5714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133394","display_name":"Philadelphia VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03j05zz84","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210133394","https://openalex.org/I4210147340"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marijana Vujkovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4924-5714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054061856","display_name":"Dipender Gill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-7078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-7078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","display_name":"St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165862685","https://openalex.org/I4401726869"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dipender Gill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George\u2019s, University of London, London, UK","Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-7078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George\u2019s, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036193877","display_name":"Fraser James Pirie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6420-3855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6420-3855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fraser Pirie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4013 South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4013 South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032665778","display_name":"Elizabeth H. Young","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Omnigen Biodata Ltd, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Omnigen Biodata Ltd, Cambridge","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070907830","display_name":"Manjinder S. Sandhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-142X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-142X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manjinder S Sandhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064948585","display_name":"Mark I. McCarthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4393-0510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4393-0510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336263701","display_name":"Centre for Human Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/01rjnta51","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336263701","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark McCarthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336263701","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083621501","display_name":"Charles N. Rotimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-053X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-053X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Rotimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-053X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072089289","display_name":"Adebowale Adeyemo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-3231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-3231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adebowale Adeyemo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-3231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074687621","display_name":"Ayesha Ahmed Motala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-1784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-1784"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayesha Motala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4013 South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4013 South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087589926","display_name":"Segun Fatumo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-3362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-3362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277452","display_name":"MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/02qzk8434","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91369620","display_name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04509n826","country_code":"UG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91369620"]}],"countries":["GB","UG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Segun Fatumo","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK","The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I91369620"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072089289","https://openalex.org/A5074687621","https://openalex.org/A5084847544","https://openalex.org/A5087589926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4405277452","https://openalex.org/I91369620","https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11468","display_name":"Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygenic-risk-score","display_name":"polygenic risk score","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/million-veteran-program","display_name":"Million Veteran Program","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-diagnosis","display_name":"age at diagnosis","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-medicine","display_name":"precision medicine","score":0.8949999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147021879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027971","display_name":"Decile","level":2,"score":0.8284404277801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.6809268593788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6019484996795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5809906125068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106208931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098876","display_name":"Genome-wide association study","level":5,"score":0.570198118686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5279663801193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.49153193831443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910068830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","level":3,"score":0.45494744181632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.43968909978866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.33535319566726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.19327804446220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16668784618377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.11011207103729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.10769829154014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10407176613807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.09001895785331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0801582932472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/02/12/2021.02.11.430719.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430719","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2021/02/12/2021.02.11.430719.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9907000064849854,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1358062850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"220740/Z/20/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311430","funder_display_name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1416422780","display_name":"Makerere University UVRI Centre of Excellence for Infection & Immunity Research and Training (MUII-plus)","funder_award_id":"107743","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1487976185","display_name":"Research Excellence (round 3)","funder_award_id":"RE/18/4/34215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","funder_display_name":"British Heart Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1557982990","display_name":"Characterisation of gene-lifestyle interactions associated with obesity-related traits in African populations","funder_award_id":"214205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1676063674","display_name":"MINORITY INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH TRAINING GRANT","funder_award_id":"T37TW000041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1801186217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CL-2020-16-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2041748056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1ZIAHG200362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337373","funder_display_name":"Center for Information Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2190046927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3T37TW00041-03S2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2697783883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1 ZIA HG200362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3442742860","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1ZIAHG200362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5264857295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1ZIAHG200362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337349","funder_display_name":"NIH Office of the Director"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5646748629","display_name":"Assessing the impact of genetic variation on chronic kidney disease in Africa","funder_award_id":"220740/Z/20/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5751335293","display_name":"Transgenerational Epigenomics of Trauma and PTSD in Rwanda","funder_award_id":"U01MH115485","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5974598883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"214205/Z/18/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311430","funder_display_name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6114135618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01MH115485","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6210037595","display_name":"Assessing the impact of genetic variation on chronic kidney disease in Africa","funder_award_id":"220740","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6463816877","display_name":"Characterisation of gene-lifestyle interactions associated with obesity- related traits in African populations","funder_award_id":"214205/Z/18/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7227888905","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RE/18/4/34215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7279930290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"107743","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336118","funder_display_name":"Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G780909024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RE/18/4/34215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320283","funder_display_name":"Imperial College London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8039954816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"220740/Z/20/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8592617908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CL-2020-16-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334911","funder_display_name":"St. George's, University of London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000159767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1ZIAHG200362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311430","display_name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320283","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325675","display_name":"New Partnership for Africa's Development","ror":"https://ror.org/02wvztg94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327235","display_name":"Servier","ror":"https://ror.org/034e7c066"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331776","display_name":"Victor Daitz Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02g0cdm62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334911","display_name":"St. George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336118","display_name":"Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/05wn4z044"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00baak391"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337349","display_name":"NIH Office of the Director","ror":"https://ror.org/00fj8a872"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337373","display_name":"Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jh5a977"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129904616.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129904616.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59316594","https://openalex.org/W117633061","https://openalex.org/W1891939305","https://openalex.org/W1911952697","https://openalex.org/W2003132592","https://openalex.org/W2101633780","https://openalex.org/W2126332239","https://openalex.org/W2157995113","https://openalex.org/W2182386336","https://openalex.org/W2252476148","https://openalex.org/W2528989516","https://openalex.org/W2808151096","https://openalex.org/W2885033578","https://openalex.org/W2932671560","https://openalex.org/W2943730265","https://openalex.org/W2950135831","https://openalex.org/W2972541294","https://openalex.org/W2972869264","https://openalex.org/W2980432998","https://openalex.org/W2981754575","https://openalex.org/W3035152464","https://openalex.org/W3097237895","https://openalex.org/W3117536124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206200410","https://openalex.org/W4392716991","https://openalex.org/W7160961225","https://openalex.org/W4412647992","https://openalex.org/W3034922886","https://openalex.org/W4391140194","https://openalex.org/W4401829942","https://openalex.org/W2528989516","https://openalex.org/W4390240209","https://openalex.org/W4283712790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Objective":[1],"Polygenic":[2],"prediction":[3,58,203],"of":[4,18,23,33,82,109,143,162,180,204,213],"type":[5,24,78,144,205,230],"2":[6,25,79,145,206,231],"diabetes":[7,26,80,146,182,207],"in":[8,40,59,121,157,192,208,218,229],"continental":[9,60,209],"Africans":[10],"is":[11],"adversely":[12],"affected":[13],"by":[14],"the":[15,30,67,77,83,102,110,122,149,158,193],"limited":[16],"number":[17],"genome-wide":[19],"association":[20,114],"studies":[21],"(GWAS)":[22],"from":[27,76],"Africa,":[28],"and":[29,64,96,107,131,151,183],"poor":[31],"transferability":[32],"European":[34,150],"derived":[35,53,138,153,199],"polygenic":[36,57,202],"risk":[37,169],"scores":[38],"(PRS)":[39],"diverse":[41],"ethnicities.":[42],"We":[43],"set":[44],"out":[45],"to":[46,148,190,221],"evaluate":[47],"if":[48],"African":[49,91,136,197],"American":[50,137,198],"or":[51],"multi-ethnic":[52,152],"PRSs":[54,71],"would":[55],"improve":[56],"Africans.":[61,210],"Research":[62],"Design":[63],"Methods":[65],"Using":[66],"PRSice":[68],"software,":[69],"ethnic-specific":[70],"were":[72,184],"computed":[73],"with":[74,115],"weights":[75],"GWAS":[81],"Million":[84],"Veteran":[85],"Program":[86],"(MVP)":[87],"study.":[88],"The":[89,135],"South":[90],"Zulu":[92],"study":[93,128],"(1602":[94],"cases":[95,130],"976":[97],"controls)":[98],"was":[99,119,140],"used":[100],"as":[101],"target":[103],"data":[104],"set.":[105],"Replication":[106],"assessment":[108],"best":[111],"predictive":[112,142],"PRS":[113,139,164,200],"age":[116],"at":[117],"diagnosis":[118],"done":[120],"Africa":[123],"America":[124],"Diabetes":[125],"Mellitus":[126],"(AADM)":[127],"(1031":[129],"738":[132],"controls).":[133],"Results":[134],"more":[141],"compared":[147,189],"scores.":[154],"Notably,":[155],"participants":[156],"10":[159],"th":[160],"decile":[161],"this":[163],"had":[165],"a":[166],"3.19-fold":[167],"greater":[168],"(OR":[170],"3.19;":[171],"95%CI":[172],"(1.94-5.29),":[173],"p":[174],"=":[175],"5.33":[176],"x10":[177],"-6":[178],")":[179],"developing":[181],"diagnosed":[185],"2.6":[186],"years":[187],"earlier":[188],"those":[191],"first":[194],"decile.":[195],"Conclusions":[196],"enhances":[201],"Improved":[211],"representation":[212],"non-Europeans":[214],"populations":[215],"(including":[216],"Africans)":[217],"GWAS,":[219],"promises":[220],"provide":[222],"better":[223],"tools":[224],"for":[225],"precision":[226],"medicine":[227],"interventions":[228],"diabetes.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-03-01T00:00:00"}