{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3129060337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4747","title":"TRACTOR: Traffic\u2010aware and power\u2010efficient virtual machine placement in edge\u2010cloud data centers using artificial bee colony optimization","display_name":"TRACTOR: Traffic\u2010aware and power\u2010efficient virtual machine placement in edge\u2010cloud data centers using artificial bee colony optimization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3129060337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4747","mag":"3129060337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/dac.4747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175310385","display_name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","issn_l":"1074-5351","issn":["1074-5351","1099-1131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/151299/1/TRACTOR_Final_2_Feb_.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066906130","display_name":"Sayyidshahab Nabavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-9651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-9651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163840","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Urmia","ror":"https://ror.org/05km8ys10","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210163840"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayyid Shahab Nabavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-9651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090188734","display_name":"Sukhpal Singh Gill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3913-0369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3913-0369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukhpal Singh Gill","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3913-0369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014474110","display_name":"Minxian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0046-5153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0046-5153"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minxian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031470719","display_name":"Mohammad Masdari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-2204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7093-2204","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8089-1795","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9637-2797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163840","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Urmia","ror":"https://ror.org/05km8ys10","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210163840"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Masdari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070708687","display_name":"Peter Garraghan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-2515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-2515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Garraghan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University Lancashire UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University Lancashire UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3100},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9631,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95086208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14098","display_name":"Energy Efficiency in Computing","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine-placement","display_name":"virtual machine placement","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-bee-colony-algorithm","display_name":"artificial bee colony algorithm","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficiency","display_name":"energy efficiency","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-traffic-reduction","display_name":"network traffic reduction","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"multi-objective optimization","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"fog computing","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center-energy-consumption","display_name":"data center energy consumption","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology-modeling","display_name":"network topology modeling","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8478906750679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.688608705997467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779907789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22095616","display_name":"CloudSim","level":3,"score":0.5745798349380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.5472679734230042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5141823291778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5112636089324951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.4470750689506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37025877833366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3663163185119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.332793653011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15932708978652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09917017817497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/dac.4747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S175310385","display_name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","issn_l":"1074-5351","issn":["1074-5351","1099-1131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:151299","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/151299/1/TRACTOR_Final_2_Feb_.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/151299/1/TRACTOR_Final_2_Feb_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/70354","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/70354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:151299","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/151299/1/TRACTOR_Final_2_Feb_.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/151299/1/TRACTOR_Final_2_Feb_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G58601143","display_name":"Reducing the Global ICT Footprint via Self-adaptive Large-scale ICT Systems","funder_award_id":"EP/V007092/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129060337.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3129060337.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1788392552","https://openalex.org/W1967910577","https://openalex.org/W1975719158","https://openalex.org/W1991468458","https://openalex.org/W1998792047","https://openalex.org/W2008092482","https://openalex.org/W2018571946","https://openalex.org/W2019672983","https://openalex.org/W2033371979","https://openalex.org/W2037487174","https://openalex.org/W2063289593","https://openalex.org/W2075539781","https://openalex.org/W2079499588","https://openalex.org/W2080521149","https://openalex.org/W2109026747","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2131646073","https://openalex.org/W2134816084","https://openalex.org/W2141995376","https://openalex.org/W2144317842","https://openalex.org/W2163896524","https://openalex.org/W2169064301","https://openalex.org/W2264711506","https://openalex.org/W2275530856","https://openalex.org/W2278665952","https://openalex.org/W2501976760","https://openalex.org/W2605232986","https://openalex.org/W2607836879","https://openalex.org/W2610707080","https://openalex.org/W2618719420","https://openalex.org/W2734431041","https://openalex.org/W2738433170","https://openalex.org/W2741849280","https://openalex.org/W2753558583","https://openalex.org/W2779790613","https://openalex.org/W2783399051","https://openalex.org/W2792405396","https://openalex.org/W2801812796","https://openalex.org/W2888340423","https://openalex.org/W2903316082","https://openalex.org/W2915771847","https://openalex.org/W2930521045","https://openalex.org/W2945310826","https://openalex.org/W2974110037","https://openalex.org/W3017017882","https://openalex.org/W3040329870","https://openalex.org/W3042579170","https://openalex.org/W3059506646","https://openalex.org/W3091001364","https://openalex.org/W3126507566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317938208","https://openalex.org/W3120213071","https://openalex.org/W2946582250","https://openalex.org/W2576493746","https://openalex.org/W3213332416","https://openalex.org/W2080521149","https://openalex.org/W2891837711","https://openalex.org/W3125979479","https://openalex.org/W2320529714","https://openalex.org/W2091384073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"Technology":[1],"providers":[2],"heavily":[3],"exploit":[4],"the":[5,17,24,27,37,114,118,122,126,134,139,153,158,161,166,173],"usage":[6],"of":[7,26,30,36,46,104,117,125,160,172],"edge\u2010cloud":[8],"data":[9,127],"centers":[10],"(ECDCs)":[11],"to":[12,112,156,183],"meet":[13],"user":[14],"demand":[15],"while":[16,190],"ECDCs":[18,88],"are":[19,148],"large":[20],"energy":[21,28,186],"consumers.":[22],"Concerning":[23],"decrease":[25],"expenditure":[29],"ECDCs,":[31],"task":[32],"placement":[33,80,137],"is":[34,181],"one":[35],"most":[38],"prominent":[39],"solutions":[40],"for":[41,87,99],"effective":[42],"allocation":[43,54],"and":[44,62,101,121,130,144,150,169,194,198],"consolidation":[45],"such":[47],"tasks":[48],"onto":[49,106],"physical":[50],"machine":[51,78],"(PM).":[52],"Such":[53],"must":[55,63],"also":[56],"consider":[57],"additional":[58],"optimizations":[59],"beyond":[60],"power":[61,100,123,170,185,195],"include":[64],"other":[65,203],"objectives,":[66],"including":[67],"network\u2010traffic":[68],"effectiveness.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"study,":[72],"we":[73],"present":[74],"a":[75],"multi\u2010objective":[76],"virtual":[77],"(VM)":[79],"scheme":[81,110],"(considering":[82],"VMs":[83,105,120],"as":[84],"fog":[85],"tasks)":[86],"called":[89],"TRACTOR,":[90],"which":[91],"utilizes":[92],"an":[93],"artificial":[94],"bee":[95],"colony":[96],"optimization":[97],"algorithm":[98],"network\u2010aware":[102],"assignment":[103],"PMs.":[107,131],"The":[108],"proposed":[109,135,162,179],"aims":[111],"minimize":[113],"network":[115,146,167,192],"traffic":[116,168,193],"interacting":[119],"dissipation":[124],"center's":[128],"switches":[129],"To":[132],"evaluate":[133],"VM":[136],"solution,":[138],"Virtual":[140],"Layer":[141],"2":[142],"(VL2)":[143],"three\u2010tier":[145],"topologies":[147],"modeled":[149],"integrated":[151],"into":[152],"CloudSim":[154],"toolkit":[155],"justify":[157],"effectiveness":[159],"solution":[163],"in":[164],"mitigating":[165],"consumption":[171,187],"ECDC.":[174],"Results":[175],"indicate":[176],"that":[177],"our":[178],"method":[180],"able":[182],"reduce":[184],"by":[188,196],"3.5%":[189],"decreasing":[191],"15%":[197],"30%,":[199],"respectively,":[200],"without":[201],"affecting":[202],"QoS":[204],"parameters.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-02-15T00:00:00"}