{"id":"https://openalex.org/W312901366","doi":null,"title":"Photo ID Requirements for Voting: Background and Legal Issues","display_name":"Photo ID Requirements for Voting: Background and Legal Issues","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W312901366","mag":"312901366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc227821","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227821/","pdf_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227821/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227821/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110484877","display_name":"Kevin J. Coleman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3441-7431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3441-7431"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin J. Coleman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091415557","display_name":"Eric A. Fischer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric A. Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111716079","display_name":"L. Paige Whitaker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Paige Whitaker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.06319999694824219,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voter-identification","display_name":"voter identification","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting-rights","display_name":"voting rights","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-law","display_name":"electoral law","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voter-fraud","display_name":"voter fraud","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballot-access","display_name":"ballot access","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6832941770553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41033995151519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3907816410064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20166626572608948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.060638427734375}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc227821","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227821/","pdf_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227821/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"},{"id":"mag:312901366","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227821/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc227821","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227821/","pdf_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227821/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W312901366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W312901366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2788394600","https://openalex.org/W2272185348","https://openalex.org/W278284005","https://openalex.org/W810976304","https://openalex.org/W2541064068","https://openalex.org/W2034411370","https://openalex.org/W2268444356","https://openalex.org/W2557371352","https://openalex.org/W2601884782","https://openalex.org/W7139239593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Report":[0],"concerning":[1],"the":[2],"controversy":[3],"surrounding":[4],"some":[5],"states'":[6],"requirements":[7],"that":[8],"voters":[9],"provide":[10],"photographic":[11],"identification":[12],"before":[13],"casting":[14],"a":[15],"ballot.":[16]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
