{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128045003","doi":null,"title":"REVIEW OF DENTISTRY IN WEST AFRICA- CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS.","display_name":"REVIEW OF DENTISTRY IN WEST AFRICA- CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS.","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128045003","mag":"3128045003","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33553053","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7861189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6769890","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7861189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7861189","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063991306","display_name":"Benjamin Fomete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4690-0496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4690-0496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122091","display_name":"Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03237y496","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122091"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Fomete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122091"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109090804","display_name":"E T Adebayo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E T Adebayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3321,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6701734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"93","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13457","display_name":"Dental Education, Practice, Research","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-health","display_name":"oral health","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-workforce","display_name":"dental workforce","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-health-services","display_name":"oral health services","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodontal-disease","display_name":"periodontal disease","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-caries","display_name":"dental caries","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orofacial-trauma","display_name":"orofacial injuries","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"noma","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-cancer","display_name":"oral cancer","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dental-education","display_name":"dental education","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postgraduate-dental-education","display_name":"postgraduate dental education","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-africa","display_name":"West Africa","score":0.9860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779529714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632744","display_name":"Graduation (instrument)","level":2,"score":0.7607818841934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6257400512695312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992672162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Oral health","level":2,"score":0.5278636813163757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.515166163444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4216971695423126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.4136117696762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.41066649556159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3295876681804657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18122544884681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6769890","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7861189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7861189","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7861189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J West Afr Coll Surg","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:33553053","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33553053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the West African College of Surgeons","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6769890","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7861189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114837230","https://openalex.org/W1488725571","https://openalex.org/W1526310178","https://openalex.org/W1555180877","https://openalex.org/W1587081754","https://openalex.org/W1649082474","https://openalex.org/W1965604344","https://openalex.org/W1968695456","https://openalex.org/W1974478179","https://openalex.org/W1984706028","https://openalex.org/W2006476257","https://openalex.org/W2011224020","https://openalex.org/W2022404027","https://openalex.org/W2026507247","https://openalex.org/W2042230890","https://openalex.org/W2043181035","https://openalex.org/W2106660946","https://openalex.org/W2108063603","https://openalex.org/W2108064094","https://openalex.org/W2116258000","https://openalex.org/W2119918341","https://openalex.org/W2120124884","https://openalex.org/W2131026757","https://openalex.org/W2154385026","https://openalex.org/W2170473794","https://openalex.org/W2177351124","https://openalex.org/W2285916262","https://openalex.org/W2285966210","https://openalex.org/W2425525674","https://openalex.org/W2438653321","https://openalex.org/W2461768475","https://openalex.org/W4230783927","https://openalex.org/W4247917425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144529260","https://openalex.org/W4407261902","https://openalex.org/W4318475706","https://openalex.org/W1986907538","https://openalex.org/W2006961654","https://openalex.org/W2191195847","https://openalex.org/W7152030203","https://openalex.org/W2055241032","https://openalex.org/W2944885002","https://openalex.org/W1848838216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Oral":[0,23],"health":[1,8,48,83,90,147,160],"as":[2],"an":[3],"integral":[4],"component":[5],"of":[6,78,100,124,128,144],"overall":[7],"is":[9,153],"provided":[10],"by":[11,30],"dental":[12,17,33,113,130,138],"professionals":[13],"(Dental":[14],"surgeons/stomatologists,":[15],"hygienists,":[16],"nurses,":[18],"technicians,":[19],"community":[20],"extension":[21],"workers).":[22],"diseases":[24,148],"in":[25,50,92,112,149],"West":[26,51,93],"Africa":[27,52],"are":[28,53],"dominated":[29],"gum/periodontal":[31],"diseases,":[32],"caries,":[34],"orofacial":[35],"trauma,":[36],"cancrum":[37],"oris/noma":[38],"and":[39,44,74],"oral":[40,47,82,146],"cancer.":[41],"Human":[42],"resources":[43,73,80],"infrastructure":[45],"for":[46,81,88,136],"services":[49,91,139],"skewed":[54],"towards":[55],"the":[56,60,64,98,122,125,150,157],"urban":[57],"areas":[58],"where":[59],"rich":[61],"live,":[62],"while":[63],"rural":[65],"poor":[66],"have":[67],"relatively":[68],"little":[69],"or":[70],"no":[71],"human":[72,79],"infrastructure.":[75],"The":[76],"development":[77],"started":[84,105],"much":[85],"later":[86],"than":[87,118],"other":[89],"Africa.":[94],"In":[95,108],"all":[96,145],"countries,":[97],"training":[99,111],"dentists":[101],"at":[102],"undergraduate":[103,129],"level":[104],"after":[106,121],"independence.":[107],"Nigeria,":[109],"postgraduate":[110],"surgery":[114],"took":[115],"off":[116],"more":[117],"10":[119],"years":[120],"graduation":[123],"first":[126],"set":[127],"surgeons.":[131],"To":[132],"meet":[133],"contemporary":[134],"realities":[135],"improved":[137],"with":[140],"a":[141],"substantial":[142],"reduction":[143],"region,":[151],"there":[152],"need":[154],"to":[155],"review":[156],"1998":[158],"WHO":[159],"strategies.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2021-02-15T00:00:00"}
