{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127981950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2124","title":"Carrot or stick? An empirical analysis of the different implementation strategies of the EU directive on nonfinancial information across Europe","display_name":"Carrot or stick? An empirical analysis of the different implementation strategies of the EU directive on nonfinancial information across Europe","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127981950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2124","mag":"3127981950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/csr.2124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12818680","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management","issn_l":"1535-3958","issn":["1535-3958","1535-3966"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043750269","display_name":"Chiara Mio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-0334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-0334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149461666","display_name":"Ca' Foscari University of Venice","ror":"https://ror.org/04yzxz566","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Mio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Department, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Department, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015894334","display_name":"Marco Fasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-6090","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-6090"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149461666","display_name":"Ca' Foscari University of Venice","ror":"https://ror.org/04yzxz566","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Fasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Department, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-6090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Department, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076522402","display_name":"Carlo Marcon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-290X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-290X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149461666","display_name":"Ca' Foscari University of Venice","ror":"https://ror.org/04yzxz566","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Marcon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Department, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Department, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081788290","display_name":"Silvia Panfilo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-0012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-0012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149461666","display_name":"Ca' Foscari University of Venice","ror":"https://ror.org/04yzxz566","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Panfilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management Department, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-0012","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management Department, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015894334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5687,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92801744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":"1591","last_page":"1605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13616","display_name":"Governance, Compliance, and Sustainability","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10081","display_name":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-of-eu-directives","display_name":"transposition of EU directives","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safe-harbor","display_name":"safe harbor","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fines","display_name":"fines","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-disclosure-quality","display_name":"disclosure quality","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-sustainability-reporting","display_name":"corporate sustainability reporting","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-effectiveness","display_name":"regulatory effectiveness","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121492","display_name":"Directive","level":2,"score":0.9088723063468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.715729296207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.633755624294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315515","display_name":"Discretion","level":2,"score":0.5991306304931641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.5616471171379089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019422483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605","display_name":"Member states","level":3,"score":0.4557388424873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41875308752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.4030149281024933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.35228991508483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17582684755325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.16913339495658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08019188046455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07972016930580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/csr.2124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12818680","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management","issn_l":"1535-3958","issn":["1535-3958","1535-3966"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unive.it:10278/3736133","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10278/3736133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402336","display_name":"ARCA (Universit\u00e0 Ca' Foscari Venezia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149461666","host_organization_name":"Ca' Foscari University of Venice","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149461666"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.666700005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503141036","https://openalex.org/W1509897070","https://openalex.org/W1976060236","https://openalex.org/W1981189872","https://openalex.org/W1982979530","https://openalex.org/W1993143188","https://openalex.org/W1997018519","https://openalex.org/W2003937960","https://openalex.org/W2013967942","https://openalex.org/W2032874641","https://openalex.org/W2033342432","https://openalex.org/W2039571223","https://openalex.org/W2042769696","https://openalex.org/W2044757591","https://openalex.org/W2053101204","https://openalex.org/W2053169259","https://openalex.org/W2053255614","https://openalex.org/W2054965424","https://openalex.org/W2055183421","https://openalex.org/W2060443474","https://openalex.org/W2063631161","https://openalex.org/W2071659625","https://openalex.org/W2072237339","https://openalex.org/W2074492816","https://openalex.org/W2075368505","https://openalex.org/W2094524928","https://openalex.org/W2096039739","https://openalex.org/W2106825816","https://openalex.org/W2112211757","https://openalex.org/W2115145071","https://openalex.org/W2115747715","https://openalex.org/W2115789707","https://openalex.org/W2153222072","https://openalex.org/W2161263628","https://openalex.org/W2240399888","https://openalex.org/W2333274631","https://openalex.org/W2593122468","https://openalex.org/W2610290324","https://openalex.org/W2743375317","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2757292860","https://openalex.org/W2788381810","https://openalex.org/W2797919032","https://openalex.org/W2809527736","https://openalex.org/W2810465976","https://openalex.org/W2894570798","https://openalex.org/W2902922086","https://openalex.org/W2909889123","https://openalex.org/W2911734622","https://openalex.org/W2944691164","https://openalex.org/W2954467978","https://openalex.org/W2963088562","https://openalex.org/W2969731002","https://openalex.org/W2995213093","https://openalex.org/W3007604490","https://openalex.org/W3011445348","https://openalex.org/W3011481983","https://openalex.org/W3014407710","https://openalex.org/W3018978108","https://openalex.org/W3019703856","https://openalex.org/W3022762737","https://openalex.org/W3023108121","https://openalex.org/W3028587872","https://openalex.org/W3043087888","https://openalex.org/W3115038315","https://openalex.org/W3116153994","https://openalex.org/W3121247709","https://openalex.org/W3121368224","https://openalex.org/W3121508957","https://openalex.org/W3121531922","https://openalex.org/W3122837089","https://openalex.org/W3124537702","https://openalex.org/W3125499115","https://openalex.org/W4211243947","https://openalex.org/W4229766132","https://openalex.org/W4245045968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197419618","https://openalex.org/W3119198960","https://openalex.org/W2976502576","https://openalex.org/W2977389327","https://openalex.org/W7111190696","https://openalex.org/W4224274897","https://openalex.org/W2944691164","https://openalex.org/W3207599879","https://openalex.org/W2990278217","https://openalex.org/W3027921395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"recent":[2],"EU":[3],"Directive":[4],"on":[5,50,64,97,109,115],"nonfinancial":[6],"information":[7,27],"(NFI)":[8],"disclosure":[9,36,111],"allows":[10,21],"Member":[11],"States":[12],"some":[13],"discretion":[14],"regarding":[15],"its":[16],"implementation.":[17],"More":[18,85],"specifically,":[19,86],"it":[20],"countries":[22],"to":[23,106],"decide":[24],"whether:":[25],"(a)":[26],"assurance":[28,89],"is":[29],"compulsory;":[30],"(b)":[31],"companies":[32,51],"can":[33,47],"waive":[34],"NFI":[35,65,98,110],"because":[37],"of":[38,60,118],"possible":[39],"competitive":[40],"harms":[41],"(safe":[42],"harbor);":[43],"and":[44,67,69,90,112],"(c)":[45],"fines":[46,100],"be":[48],"imposed":[49],"not":[52],"disclosing":[53],"NFI.":[54],"We":[55],"empirically":[56],"test":[57],"the":[58,107,116],"impact":[59,96],"different":[61,119],"implementation":[62,120],"strategies":[63],"quantity":[66],"quality,":[68],"we":[70],"find":[71],"that":[72],"regulations":[73,81],"providing":[74],"incentives":[75],"('carrots')":[76],"are":[77],"more":[78],"effective":[79],"than":[80],"imposing":[82],"costs":[83],"('sticks').":[84],"while":[87],"mandatory":[88],"safe":[91],"harbor":[92],"have":[93],"a":[94],"positive":[95],"quantity,":[99],"do":[101],"not.":[102],"Our":[103],"results":[104],"contribute":[105],"literature":[108],"inform":[113],"regulators":[114],"effectiveness":[117],"strategies.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-02-15T00:00:00"}
