{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127099941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","title":"Image Compression Based on Arithmetic Coding Algorithm","display_name":"Image Compression Based on Arithmetic Coding Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127099941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","mag":"3127099941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","pdf_url":"https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/download/2279/1304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764932332","display_name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","issn_l":"0067-2904","issn":["0067-2904","2312-1637"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319175","host_organization_name":"College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/download/2279/1304","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041152120","display_name":"Ruaa Ibrahim Yousif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruaa Ibrahim Yousif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Science, University of Bagdad, Bagdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Science, University of Bagdad, Bagdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014907352","display_name":"Nassir Hussein Salman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nassir Hussein Salman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Science, University of Bagdad, Bagdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Science, University of Bagdad, Bagdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7668,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67379452,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"329","last_page":"334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2614","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"image compression","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic-coding","display_name":"arithmetic coding","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"discrete cosine transform","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ycbcr-color-space","display_name":"YCbCr color space","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization-tables","display_name":"quantization tables","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zigzag-scan","display_name":"zigzag scan","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-images","display_name":"color images","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression-ratio","display_name":"compression ratio","score":0.9200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163204269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355263","display_name":"Chrominance","level":3,"score":0.9461418986320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5317259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4462361","display_name":"Trellis quantization","level":5,"score":0.7737916111946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.750064492225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153338461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651","display_name":"Arithmetic coding","level":4,"score":0.6608992218971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779407163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189998","display_name":"YCbCr","level":5,"score":0.6375490427017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6153043508529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.6141250729560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82804729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148551","display_name":"Color Cell Compression","level":5,"score":0.6139024496078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.5968960523605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.5817825794219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5803922414779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5212833881378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192271897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198438","display_name":"Zigzag","level":2,"score":0.5084909200668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.5074583888053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47034409642219543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.432331383228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.41775110363960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.4165402948856354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.400359183549881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3790654242038727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175732694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128713","display_name":"Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding","level":3,"score":0.31398728489875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2908158302307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2736225724220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.254316508769989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06500980257987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","pdf_url":"https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/download/2279/1304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764932332","display_name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","issn_l":"0067-2904","issn":["0067-2904","2312-1637"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319175","host_organization_name":"College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.31","pdf_url":"https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/download/2279/1304","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764932332","display_name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","issn_l":"0067-2904","issn":["0067-2904","2312-1637"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319175","host_organization_name":"College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Iraqi Journal of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127099941.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127099941.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580101844","https://openalex.org/W1592970628","https://openalex.org/W2093912261","https://openalex.org/W2107745473","https://openalex.org/W2471349193","https://openalex.org/W2907446574","https://openalex.org/W3084404545","https://openalex.org/W4205318349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099163077","https://openalex.org/W2766716898","https://openalex.org/W3018112388","https://openalex.org/W2074095351","https://openalex.org/W2181521485","https://openalex.org/W2335389383","https://openalex.org/W2062637370","https://openalex.org/W2085867575","https://openalex.org/W2738622241","https://openalex.org/W1502930766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,72,81,96,111],"past":[1],"years":[2],"have":[3],"seen":[4],"a":[5,42,114],"rapid":[6],"development":[7],"in":[8,41,47],"the":[9,18,35,39,77,88,105],"area":[10],"of":[11,20,29,37,58],"image":[12,83,120],"compression":[13,116],"techniques,":[14],"mainly":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,69],"need":[19],"fast":[21],"and":[22,27,62,94,104],"efficient":[23],"techniques":[24],"for":[25,92],"storage":[26],"transmission":[28],"data":[30,40],"among":[31],"individuals.":[32],"Compression":[33],"is":[34],"process":[36],"representing":[38],"compact":[43],"form":[44],"rather":[45],"than":[46],"its":[48],"original":[49],"or":[50],"incompact":[51],"form.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"integer":[56],"implementation":[57],"Arithmetic":[59],"Coding":[60],"(AC)":[61],"Discreet":[63],"Cosine":[64],"Transform":[65],"(DCT)":[66],"were":[67,99],"applied":[68,75],"colored":[70],"images.":[71],"DCT":[73],"was":[74,84,107],"using":[76,109],"YCbCr":[78],"color":[79],"model.":[80],"transformed":[82],"then":[85],"quantized":[86,97],"with":[87,118],"standard":[89],"quantization":[90],"tables":[91],"luminance":[93],"chrominance.":[95],"coefficients":[98],"scanned":[100],"by":[101],"zigzag":[102],"scan":[103],"output":[106],"encoded":[108],"AC.":[110],"results":[112],"showed":[113],"decent":[115],"ratio":[117],"high":[119],"quality.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-02-15T00:00:00"}