{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127084161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020685118","title":"Pandemic precarity: COVID-19 is exposing and exacerbating inequalities in the American heartland","display_name":"Pandemic precarity: COVID-19 is exposing and exacerbating inequalities in the American heartland","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127084161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020685118","mag":"3127084161","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33547252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2020685118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020685118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020685118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020685118","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037994930","display_name":"Brea Louise Perry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-7168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-7168"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brea L. Perry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-7168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019283155","display_name":"Brian Aronson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5304-1971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5304-1971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Aronson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007941468","display_name":"Bernice A. Pescosolido","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-5878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-5878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernice A. Pescosolido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":78.9823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":364,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99986576,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"118","issue":"8","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":0.5713000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":0.5713000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11610","display_name":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","score":0.1225999966263771,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14248","display_name":"Social impacts of COVID-19","score":0.09350000321865082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-precarity","display_name":"economic precarity","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-insecurity","display_name":"food insecurity","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layoffs","display_name":"layoffs","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-disparities","display_name":"gender disparities","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adults","display_name":"young adults","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-impact-of-disasters","display_name":"economic impact of disasters","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relief-policy","display_name":"relief policy","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indiana","display_name":"Indiana","score":0.38199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195742910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176494","display_name":"Recession","level":2,"score":0.7363313436508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.7255956530570984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.6694226264953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6249947547912598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778071103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15404623","display_name":"Precarity","level":2,"score":0.6131603121757507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6027178168296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5152552127838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.49329036474227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.4658781886100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.4524586796760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.41957223415374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41572466492652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3950628638267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3490678071975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3242991268634796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2662358283996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2335960566997528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16216585040092468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054624","descriptor_name":"Health Status Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054624","descriptor_name":"Health Status Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054624","descriptor_name":"Health Status Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054624","descriptor_name":"Health Status Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2020685118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020685118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020685118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33547252","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33547252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7923675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7923675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nas:journl:v:118:y:2021:p:e2020685118","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.pnas.org/content/118/8/e2020685118.full","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.2020685118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020685118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020685118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.8928999900817871,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"},{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332953","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30116688","https://openalex.org/W579006695","https://openalex.org/W630957149","https://openalex.org/W644188121","https://openalex.org/W799506529","https://openalex.org/W1487947078","https://openalex.org/W1496433739","https://openalex.org/W1527887316","https://openalex.org/W1587602269","https://openalex.org/W1745983766","https://openalex.org/W1898373109","https://openalex.org/W2005572054","https://openalex.org/W2024320310","https://openalex.org/W2037327261","https://openalex.org/W2040027256","https://openalex.org/W2047670349","https://openalex.org/W2057134735","https://openalex.org/W2062147749","https://openalex.org/W2065762201","https://openalex.org/W2097096566","https://openalex.org/W2104018747","https://openalex.org/W2107871509","https://openalex.org/W2110446249","https://openalex.org/W2118836230","https://openalex.org/W2142585392","https://openalex.org/W2161746686","https://openalex.org/W2257184319","https://openalex.org/W2316352439","https://openalex.org/W2426976336","https://openalex.org/W2461171003","https://openalex.org/W2483179563","https://openalex.org/W2501609791","https://openalex.org/W2576611465","https://openalex.org/W2766343586","https://openalex.org/W2890778720","https://openalex.org/W2901491680","https://openalex.org/W2901719793","https://openalex.org/W2946212439","https://openalex.org/W3011045232","https://openalex.org/W3014199470","https://openalex.org/W3015201189","https://openalex.org/W3015850642","https://openalex.org/W3023559614","https://openalex.org/W3025957080","https://openalex.org/W3037380091","https://openalex.org/W3083673046","https://openalex.org/W3121550413","https://openalex.org/W3123479932","https://openalex.org/W4210675036","https://openalex.org/W4246793868","https://openalex.org/W4249082478","https://openalex.org/W4254775441","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4398479097"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905264121","https://openalex.org/W2045797699","https://openalex.org/W2903087937","https://openalex.org/W4232556493","https://openalex.org/W3208223236","https://openalex.org/W4298046633","https://openalex.org/W4401324414","https://openalex.org/W3141253017","https://openalex.org/W2251209635","https://openalex.org/W2145230718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"=":[0],"994)":[1],"from":[2],"the":[3,31,108,138],"Person":[4,6],"to":[5,50,69,74,84,92,103,136],"Health":[7],"Interview":[8],"Study,":[9],"fielded":[10],"in":[11],"2019-2020":[12],"and":[13,97,130,140],"again":[14],"during":[15],"Indiana's":[16],"initial":[17],"stay-at-home":[18],"order,":[19],"we":[20],"provide":[21],"a":[22,62,113],"representative,":[23],"probability-based":[24],"assessment":[25],"of":[26,30,112,143],"adverse":[27],"economic":[28,105],"outcomes":[29],"pandemic.":[32],"Survey-weighted":[33],"multivariate":[34],"regressions,":[35],"controlling":[36],"for":[37],"preexisting":[38],"inequality,":[39],"find":[40],"Black":[41],"adults":[42,96],"over":[43],"3":[44],"times":[45,89],"as":[46,48,67,90],"likely":[47,68,91,102],"Whites":[49],"report":[51,70,104],"food":[52,71],"insecurity,":[53],"being":[54,58],"laid":[55],"off,":[56],"or":[57],"unemployed.":[59],"Residents":[60],"without":[61],"college":[63],"degree":[64],"are":[65,87,134],"twice":[66],"insecurity":[72],"(compared":[73,83],"some":[75],"college),":[76],"while":[77],"those":[78],"not":[79],"completing":[80],"high":[81],"school":[82],"bachelor's":[85],"degree)":[86],"4":[88],"do":[93],"so.":[94],"Younger":[95],"women":[98],"were":[99],"also":[100],"more":[101],"hardships.":[106],"Together,":[107],"results":[109],"support":[110],"contentions":[111],"Matthew":[114],"Effect,":[115],"where":[116],"pandemic":[117],"precarity":[118],"disproportionately":[119],"affects":[120],"historically":[121],"disadvantaged":[122],"groups,":[123],"widening":[124],"inequality.":[125],"Strategically":[126],"deployed":[127],"relief":[128],"efforts":[129],"longer-term":[131],"policy":[132],"reforms":[133],"needed":[135],"challenge":[137],"perennial":[139],"unequal":[141],"impact":[142],"disasters.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":113},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":47}],"updated_date":"2026-10-24T09:50:30.924529","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}