{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127075571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217421994078","title":"Catatonia in the medically ill: Differences and parallels in etiology, phenomenology and management","display_name":"Catatonia in the medically ill: Differences and parallels in etiology, phenomenology and management","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127075571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217421994078","mag":"3127075571","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0091217421994078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217421994078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217421994078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48834210","display_name":"The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine","issn_l":"0033-278X","issn":["0033-278X","0091-2174","1541-3527"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004990054","display_name":"Fernando Esp\u00ed Forc\u00e9n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-8221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-8221","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-343X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285301757","display_name":"Rush University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7c0b24","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Espi Forcen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-343X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022493466","display_name":"Matteo Respino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-6778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-6778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285301757","display_name":"Rush University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7c0b24","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Respino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037448421","display_name":"Joshua C. Eloge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-146X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-146X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285301757","display_name":"Rush University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7c0b24","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Eloge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021767321","display_name":"Meghan Baldwin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285301757","display_name":"Rush University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7c0b24","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meghan Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028671489","display_name":"Katrina Burns","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285301757","display_name":"Rush University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7c0b24","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katrina Burns","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026423017","display_name":"V\u00edctor G. Patr\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3066-488X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3066-488X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Patron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040915855","display_name":"Charles L. Hebert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285301757","display_name":"Rush University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7c0b24","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Hebert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004990054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78446025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":"80","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11921","display_name":"Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13966","display_name":"Neurological and metabolic disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11627","display_name":"Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catatonia","display_name":"catatonia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medically-ill-patients","display_name":"medical patients","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-comorbidity","display_name":"psychiatric comorbidity","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"disease","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutism","display_name":"mutism","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mannerism","display_name":"Mannerism","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-nmda-receptor-encephalitis","display_name":"anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-disorder","display_name":"bipolar disorder","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"major depressive disorder","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-abnormalities","display_name":"metabolic abnormalities","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response","display_name":"treatment response","score":0.8489999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778941822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501571","display_name":"Catatonia","level":3,"score":0.985955536365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.696320652961731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.6055808067321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777330709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131543","display_name":"Electroconvulsive therapy","level":3,"score":0.5311825275421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4587036371231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.4395506978034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.42716357111930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12135","display_name":"Mental illness","level":3,"score":0.42668527364730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776313836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188698","display_name":"Thought disorder","level":3,"score":0.42402786016464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776202747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064951","display_name":"Psychomotor retardation","level":3,"score":0.4206242263317108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.40117770433425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.3914515972137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.15616104006767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.1478210985660553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001714","descriptor_name":"Bipolar Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002389","descriptor_name":"Catatonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002389","descriptor_name":"Catatonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002389","descriptor_name":"Catatonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003865","descriptor_name":"Major Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011618","descriptor_name":"Psychotic Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0091217421994078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217421994078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217421994078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S48834210","display_name":"The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine","issn_l":"0033-278X","issn":["0033-278X","0091-2174","1541-3527"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33567935","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of psychiatry in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1620929844","https://openalex.org/W2025075924","https://openalex.org/W2064531284","https://openalex.org/W2131436514","https://openalex.org/W2133831713","https://openalex.org/W2143751311","https://openalex.org/W2229218846","https://openalex.org/W2341770369","https://openalex.org/W2558947933","https://openalex.org/W2782650993","https://openalex.org/W2784119517","https://openalex.org/W2811047334","https://openalex.org/W4247665917","https://openalex.org/W4252363757"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2229218846","https://openalex.org/W2082823980","https://openalex.org/W2982619821","https://openalex.org/W4417093272","https://openalex.org/W2234178261","https://openalex.org/W2974551684","https://openalex.org/W4408436095","https://openalex.org/W2564535246","https://openalex.org/W2533459880","https://openalex.org/W4322753966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Catatonia":[1],"is":[2,50],"a":[3,300],"disorder":[4,34,37,120,125,160,225,238],"characterized":[5],"by":[6,193],"psychomotor":[7],"symptoms.":[8],"The":[9,45,178],"etiology,":[10],"symptomatology,":[11],"response":[12,138],"and":[13,56,64,135,166,195,257,284,311],"outcome":[14],"of":[15,47,58,85,137,173,184,213,314],"catatonia":[16,29,63,71,115,150,174,214,233,297,315],"in":[17,88,97,131,167,186,215,296,316],"the":[18,53,83,171,209,317],"medically":[19,59,89,188,217,318],"ill":[20,60,189,218],"has":[21],"not":[22,176],"been":[23],"vigorously":[24],"studied.":[25],"Those":[26],"who":[27,69,113],"have":[28,70],"associated":[30,72,116,151,234,298],"with":[31,62,73,117,123,152,223,232,235,299],"another":[32,40,118,128,153,163,228,236],"mental":[33,119,154,237],"versus.":[35],"catatonic":[36,86,124,159,181,224],"due":[38,100,126,161,226],"to":[39,51,92,101,127,139,162,221,227],"medical":[41,78,129,164,229,310],"condition":[42,130],"may":[43],"differ.":[44],"aim":[46],"this":[48],"study":[49,52],"causes,":[54],"phenomenology":[55],"outcomes":[57],"patients":[61,91,147,169],"explore":[65],"differences":[66,96,110,308],"among":[67],"those":[68,112,122,231],"psychiatric":[74,301,312],"illness":[75],"vs.":[76],"systemic":[77],"illness.":[79],"METHOD:":[80],"We":[81],"studied":[82],"incidence":[84],"symptoms":[87,182],"hospitalized":[90],"identify":[93],"any":[94],"apparent":[95],"clinical":[98],"manifestations":[99],"distinctive":[102],"etiologies.":[103],"Specifically,":[104],"we":[105],"assessed":[106],"if":[107],"there":[108],"are":[109],"between":[111,309],"had":[114,149,158,239],"versus":[121],"their":[132],"phenomenology,":[133],"management":[134],"likelihood":[136],"treatment.":[140],"RESULTS:":[141],"Of":[142],"our":[143,187,216],"40":[144],"patients,":[145],"18":[146],"(45%)":[148],"disorder,":[155,198,202],"17":[156],"(42.5%)":[157],"condition,":[165,230],"5":[168],"(12.5%)":[170],"cause":[172],"was":[175],"identified.":[177],"most":[179,210],"common":[180],"regardless":[183],"etiology":[185],"were":[190,208,267],"mutism,":[191],"followed":[192],"rigidity,":[194],"immobility.":[196],"Bipolar":[197],"schizophrenia,":[199],"major":[200],"depressive":[201],"metabolic":[203],"abnormalities,":[204],"anti":[205],"NMDAR":[206],"encephalitis":[207],"frequent":[211,241,295],"causes":[212,313],"patients.":[219],"Compared":[220],"subjects":[222],"more":[240,294],"mannerisms":[242],"(Chi-square":[243,251,259,271,278,286],"=":[244,247,252,260,263,272,275,279,282,287,290],"4.27;":[245],"p":[246,254,262,274,281,289],"0.039),":[248],"waxy":[249],"flexibility":[250],"11.0;":[253],"<":[255],"0.01),":[256],"impulsivity":[258],"4.12,":[261],"0.042).":[264],"Nonsignificant":[265],"trends":[266],"noted":[268],"for":[269],"posturing":[270],"3.74,":[273],"0.053),":[276],"perseveration":[277],"3.37,":[280],"0.067),":[283],"stereotypy":[285],"2.91,":[288],"0.088)":[291],"also":[292],"being":[293],"cause.":[302],"DISCUSSION:":[303],"Our":[304],"data":[305],"supports":[306],"phenomenological":[307],"ill.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-02-15T00:00:00"}
