{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127034243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1877928","title":"Computer vision syndrome, visual ergonomics and amelioration among staff members in a Saudi medical college","display_name":"Computer vision syndrome, visual ergonomics and amelioration among staff members in a Saudi medical college","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127034243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1877928","mag":"3127034243","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33517862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10803548.2021.1877928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1877928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1877928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120187538","display_name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","issn_l":"1080-3548","issn":["1080-3548","2376-9130"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035205511","display_name":"Marwa Mohamed Zalat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-1346","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-1346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwa M. Zalat","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University-Egypt;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9479-1346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University-Egypt;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084936903","display_name":"Soliman M. Amer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-2538","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-2538"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soliman M. Amer","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-2538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016637676","display_name":"Ghada A. Wassif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1215-1300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1215-1300"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghada A. Wassif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt","College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054125815","display_name":"Shereen A. El Tarhouny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-9987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-9987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shereen A. El Tarhouny","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084506474","display_name":"Tayseer Mansour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-2391","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9258-2391"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tayseer M. Mansour","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","Medical Education Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia City, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Education Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia City, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054125815"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990","https://openalex.org/I23075662"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98534827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"1033","last_page":"1041"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13866","display_name":"Occupational health in dentistry","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13585","display_name":"Technostress in Professional Settings","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision-syndrome","display_name":"computer vision syndrome","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-ergonomics","display_name":"visual ergonomics","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-medical-staff","display_name":"university medical staff","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-eye-symptoms","display_name":"dry eye symptoms","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-time","display_name":"screen time","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-use","display_name":"smartphone use","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preventive-measures","display_name":"preventive measures","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-drops","display_name":"eye drops","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-conditions","display_name":"working conditions","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-eye-strain","display_name":"occupational eye strain","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.6697627902030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.5918674468994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.5448456406593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5251502990722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.484169065952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.4518992602825165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.4185367524623871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.37948280572891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3406745195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.334603875875473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.2954331636428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001248","descriptor_name":"Asthenopia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001248","descriptor_name":"Asthenopia","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006804","descriptor_name":"Ergonomics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013577","descriptor_name":"Syndrome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10803548.2021.1877928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1877928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1877928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120187538","display_name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","issn_l":"1080-3548","issn":["1080-3548","2376-9130"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33517862","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33517862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6399999856948853}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91527096","https://openalex.org/W1529086833","https://openalex.org/W1530855015","https://openalex.org/W1965677602","https://openalex.org/W1980027290","https://openalex.org/W1983114616","https://openalex.org/W1992768983","https://openalex.org/W1994155404","https://openalex.org/W2019563391","https://openalex.org/W2060590899","https://openalex.org/W2069539947","https://openalex.org/W2082387856","https://openalex.org/W2157289162","https://openalex.org/W2170196132","https://openalex.org/W2299193384","https://openalex.org/W2314077307","https://openalex.org/W2335792741","https://openalex.org/W2338233706","https://openalex.org/W2339309872","https://openalex.org/W2339959733","https://openalex.org/W2415576936","https://openalex.org/W2606938847","https://openalex.org/W2782353988","https://openalex.org/W2811234604","https://openalex.org/W2909083432","https://openalex.org/W4252427069","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172350253","https://openalex.org/W4414181213","https://openalex.org/W4402459262","https://openalex.org/W7161159575","https://openalex.org/W7170061776","https://openalex.org/W3007409399","https://openalex.org/W3019053925","https://openalex.org/W4301965404","https://openalex.org/W4413002920","https://openalex.org/W3014686783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives.":[0],"Nearly":[1],"60":[2],"million":[3],"people":[4],"suffer":[5],"from":[6],"computer":[7],"vision":[8,81],"syndrome":[9],"(CVS)":[10],"globally,":[11],"resulting":[12],"in":[13,77],"reduced":[14],"work":[15,101],"productivity.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18,45],"aimed":[19],"to":[20,162,180,191],"determine":[21,34],"the":[22,27,83,142,163],"prevalence":[23,65],"of":[24,88,118,141,148,169,178],"CVS,":[25],"describe":[26],"working":[28,185,199],"conditions,":[29],"visualize":[30],"ergonomic":[31],"factors":[32],"and":[33,75,114,125,130,146,175],"preventive":[35,131],"measures":[36,132],"application":[37],"among":[38,93],"university":[39,49,170],"staff":[40,51,171],"members.":[41],"Methods.":[42],"A":[43],"cross-sectional":[44],"was":[46,66,90],"conducted":[47],"with":[48,154],"medical":[50],"members":[52,172],"using":[53],"a":[54,59,98,111],"semi-structured":[55],"questionnaire":[56],"that":[57,71],"included":[58],"validated":[60],"CVS":[61,64,89,179,197],"questionnaire.":[62],"Results.":[63],"81.2%.":[67],"Dryness,":[68],"headache,":[69],"feeling":[70],"sight":[72],"is":[73,189],"worsening":[74],"difficulty":[76],"focusing":[78],"on":[79,184],"near":[80],"were":[82,151],"most":[84,117],"experienced":[85],"symptoms.":[86],"Prevalence":[87],"significantly":[91,152],"higher":[92,99],"females":[94],"(52.3%),":[95],"those":[96,107,115],"having":[97],"mean":[100],"duration":[102],"(21.65":[103],"\u00b1":[104],"7.55":[105],"years),":[106],"who":[108],"frequently":[109],"use":[110,147],"smartphone":[112],"(84.9%)":[113],"spending":[116],"their":[119],"screen":[120,137],"time":[121],"during":[122],"both":[123],"day":[124],"night":[126],"(87.1%).":[127],"Visual":[128],"ergonomics":[129],"application,":[133],"such":[134],"as":[135],"correct":[136],"level,":[138],"regular":[139],"cleaning":[140],"screen,":[143],"appropriate":[144],"illumination":[145],"eye":[149],"drops,":[150],"associated":[153],"negative":[155],"CVS.":[156],"Conclusions.":[157],"These":[158],"results":[159],"raised":[160],"attention":[161],"essential":[164],"need":[165],"for":[166,173,198],"visual":[167],"assessment":[168],"early":[174],"proper":[176],"diagnosis":[177],"minimize":[181],"its":[182],"impact":[183],"performance.":[186],"Accordingly,":[187],"it":[188],"recommended":[190],"organize":[192],"university-based":[193],"awareness":[194],"programs":[195],"regarding":[196],"personnel.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-02-15T00:00:00"}