{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127022569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1234/pcej.v2i4.193","title":"Pengaruh Fly Ash Dan Bottom Ash Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Pada Beton","display_name":"Pengaruh Fly Ash Dan Bottom Ash Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Pada Beton","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127022569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1234/pcej.v2i4.193","mag":"3127022569"},"language":"id","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id:article/306","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id/index.php/pcej/article/view/306","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id/index.php/pcej/article/download/306/279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209608","display_name":"Paulus Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2775-4529","issn":["2775-4529","2775-8613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2775-8613","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id/index.php/pcej/article/download/306/279","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023249148","display_name":"Marlyana Antika Pagau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130201","display_name":"Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus","ror":"https://ror.org/02fm1my09","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130201"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marlyana Antika Pagau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakultas Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakultas Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048413784","display_name":"Jonie Tanijaya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130201","display_name":"Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus","ror":"https://ror.org/02fm1my09","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130201"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonie Tanijaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakultas Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakultas Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130201"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017925604","display_name":"Desi Sandy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130201","display_name":"Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus","ror":"https://ror.org/02fm1my09","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130201"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Desi Sandy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakultas Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakultas Teknik Sipil Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130201"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130201"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1461,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52516636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"306","last_page":"313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.8848000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.8848000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13140","display_name":"Materials Engineering and Processing","score":0.10209999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11672","display_name":"Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-ash","display_name":"fly ash","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottom-ash","display_name":"bottom ash","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-combustion-residuals","display_name":"coal combustion by-products","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/splitting-tensile-strength","display_name":"splitting tensile strength","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-utilization-in-concrete","display_name":"waste utilization in concrete","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concrete-mix-design","display_name":"concrete mix design","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.9218202829360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175944049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2205307","display_name":"Bottom ash","level":3,"score":0.840301513671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40042423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17080470","display_name":"Incinerator bottom ash","level":4,"score":0.687247633934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.6239588260650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5359331965446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.5104833841323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5087471604347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.4801208972930908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188471824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5137808","display_name":"Coal combustion products","level":3,"score":0.4392455518245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39913925528526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.35283806920051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24635589122772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.19045040011405945}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id:article/306","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id/index.php/pcej/article/view/306","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id/index.php/pcej/article/download/306/279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209608","display_name":"Paulus Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2775-4529","issn":["2775-4529","2775-8613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2775-8613","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:3127022569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1234/pcej.v2i4.193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id/index.php/pcej/article/download/193/172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209608","display_name":"Paulus Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2775-4529","issn":["2775-4529","2775-8613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Paulus Civil Engineering Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id:article/306","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id/index.php/pcej/article/view/306","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ukipaulus.ac.id/index.php/pcej/article/download/306/279","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210209608","display_name":"Paulus Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"2775-4529","issn":["2775-4529","2775-8613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2775-8613","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127022569.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127022569.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7216057113","https://openalex.org/W7033260115","https://openalex.org/W4412632207","https://openalex.org/W7123349246","https://openalex.org/W4281929198","https://openalex.org/W4313566894","https://openalex.org/W2608175907","https://openalex.org/W7127218329","https://openalex.org/W4402154345","https://openalex.org/W7220130521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pada":[0],"umumnya":[1],"limbah":[2,36],"pabrik":[3],"tidak":[4],"dapat":[5,9,170],"dibuang":[6],"langsung":[7],"karena":[8],"mencemari":[10],"lingkungan.":[11],"Di":[12],"kota":[13],"Makassar,":[14],"Sulawesi":[15],"Selatan":[16],"tepatnya":[17],"di":[18],"PT.":[19],"Makassar":[20],"Tene":[21],"menggunakan":[22,82],"batu":[23,32],"bara":[24,33],"sebagai":[25,101,109],"bahan":[26],"bakar":[27],"pabrik,":[28],"dimana":[29],"sisa":[30],"pembakaran":[31],"tersebut":[34],"menghasilkan":[35],"fly":[37,70,99,177],"ash":[38,41,71,74,100,108,178,181,193],"dan":[39,60,72,105,117,134,149,164,179],"bottom":[40,73,107,180,192],"yang":[42],"memerlukan":[43],"pengolahan":[44],"terlebih":[45],"dahulu":[46],"sebelum":[47],"dibuang.":[48],"Penelitian":[49,78],"ini":[50,79,182],"bertujuan":[51],"untuk":[52,65],"mengetahui":[53,66],"nilai":[54,120,137,153],"kuat":[55,57,61,121,138,154],"tekan,":[56],"tarik":[58,139],"belah":[59,140],"lentur":[62,155],"beton":[63,123,141,156,174,184],"serta":[64,152],"pengaruh":[67],"persentase":[68,113,190],"substitusi":[69,98,106,176,191],"pada":[75],"campuran":[76,173],"beton.":[77],"dilakukan":[80],"dengan":[81,88,97,112,175],"metode":[83],"American":[84],"Concrete":[85],"Institute":[86],"(ACI)":[87],"mutu":[89],"rencana":[90],"sebesar":[91,103,127,142,157],"23":[92],"MPa.":[93,166],"Dari":[94],"hasil":[95],"penelitian":[96,168],"semen":[102],"15%":[104],"agregat":[110],"halus":[111],"0%,":[114],"5%,":[115],"10%":[116],"15%,":[118],"diperoleh":[119],"tekan":[122],"umur":[124],"28":[125],"hari":[126],"26,031":[128],"MPa,":[129,131,136,144,146,159,161],"25,088":[130],"24,239":[132],"MPa":[133,148,151,163],"23,107":[135],"2,146":[143],"2,075":[145],"2,028":[147],"1,981":[150],"3,274":[158],"3,173":[160],"3,022":[162],"2,921":[165],"Berdasarkan":[167],"ini,":[169],"diketahui":[171],"bahwa":[172],"mengakibatkan":[183],"mengalami":[185],"penurunan":[186],"kekuatan":[187],"seiring":[188],"bertambahnya":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2021-02-15T00:00:00"}