{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125877636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.794245","title":"Is Economic Exclusion a Legitimate State Interest? Four Recent Cases Test the Boundaries","display_name":"Is Economic Exclusion a Legitimate State Interest? Four Recent Cases Test the Boundaries","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125877636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.794245","mag":"3125877636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.794245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.794245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.794245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.794245","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024525105","display_name":"Timothy Sandefur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Sandefur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Goldwater Institute, 500 E. Coronado Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Goldwater Institute, 500 E. Coronado Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024525105"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"1023","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13138","display_name":"Legal and Constitutional Studies","score":0.7817000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.20890000462532043,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-licensure","display_name":"professional licensing","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protectionism","display_name":"protectionism","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-basis-test","display_name":"rational basis test","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourteenth-amendment","display_name":"Fourteenth Amendment","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/due-process","display_name":"due process","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-protection","display_name":"equal protection","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-marginalization","display_name":"economic exclusion","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-law","display_name":"labor law","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-favor","display_name":"political favor","score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-opportunities","display_name":"economic opportunities","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.7367997169494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5640414953231812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776512386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2515622","display_name":"Constitutionality","level":3,"score":0.5255828499794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.4792344868183136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780870317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384153","display_name":"Equal employment opportunity","level":3,"score":0.461495965719223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4582570791244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4357481598854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.42795509099960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.38343295454978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.19274213910102844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.794245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.794245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.794245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.wm.edu:wmborj-1190","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol14/iss3/11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196732","display_name":"The William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository (William & Mary)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I16285277","host_organization_name":"William & Mary","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16285277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3125877636","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1190&context=wmborj","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764953993","display_name":"William and Mary Bill of Rights journal/The William and Mary Bill of Rights journal","issn_l":"1065-8254","issn":["1065-8254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"William and Mary Bill of Rights journal/\u0098The \u009cWilliam and Mary Bill of Rights journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.794245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.794245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.794245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W295676687","https://openalex.org/W1481742972","https://openalex.org/W1497770041","https://openalex.org/W1528933642","https://openalex.org/W2116656765","https://openalex.org/W2280551881","https://openalex.org/W2518033447","https://openalex.org/W2592527284","https://openalex.org/W2798160053","https://openalex.org/W4206706108","https://openalex.org/W4232738277","https://openalex.org/W4233789589","https://openalex.org/W4233853829","https://openalex.org/W4234800988","https://openalex.org/W4235304270","https://openalex.org/W4237537665","https://openalex.org/W4237709405","https://openalex.org/W4239224103","https://openalex.org/W4240207671","https://openalex.org/W4248932634","https://openalex.org/W4251746800","https://openalex.org/W4253126259","https://openalex.org/W4253939717","https://openalex.org/W4256415442","https://openalex.org/W6884636231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7151773298","https://openalex.org/W2783894954","https://openalex.org/W2944347386","https://openalex.org/W6989502538","https://openalex.org/W2572820369","https://openalex.org/W2942094606","https://openalex.org/W3117229430","https://openalex.org/W3122115867","https://openalex.org/W2970203774","https://openalex.org/W2402253103"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
