{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125876596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.50.2.446","title":"Wealth Gradients in Early Childhood Cognitive Development in Five Latin American Countries","display_name":"Wealth Gradients in Early Childhood Cognitive Development in Five Latin American Countries","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125876596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.50.2.446","mag":"3125876596","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25983344","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4431591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3368/jhr.50.2.446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.50.2.446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.50.2.446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62957338","display_name":"The Journal of Human Resources","issn_l":"0022-166X","issn":["0022-166X","1548-8004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315918","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315918","https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin Press","University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4431591/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110759893","display_name":"Norbert Schady","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184564680","display_name":"Inter-American Development Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/02gjn4306","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184564680"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Schady","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, US, norberts@iadb.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, US, norberts@iadb.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184564680"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075195476","display_name":"Jere Richard Behrman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-6283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-6283"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jere Behrman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US, jbehrman@econ.upenn.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US, jbehrman@econ.upenn.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030298222","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Caridad Araujo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-3088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-3088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184564680","display_name":"Inter-American Development Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/02gjn4306","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184564680"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Caridad Araujo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, US, mcaraujo@iadb.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, US, mcaraujo@iadb.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184564680"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025240856","display_name":"Rodrigo Azuero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Azuero","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US, rodazuero@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US, rodazuero@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102852211","display_name":"Raquel Bernal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9569-656X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9569-656X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162096671","display_name":"Universidad de Los Andes","ror":"https://ror.org/02mhbdp94","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raquel Bernal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia, rbernal@uniandes.edu.co"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia, rbernal@uniandes.edu.co","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162096671"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David Bravo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69737025","display_name":"University of Chile","ror":"https://ror.org/047gc3g35","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Bravo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, microdatos@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, microdatos@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69737025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001227208","display_name":"Florencia L\u00f3pez B\u00f3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-2335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-2335"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184564680","display_name":"Inter-American Development Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/02gjn4306","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184564680"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florencia Lopez-Boo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, US, florencial@iadb.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, DC, US, florencial@iadb.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184564680"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090442103","display_name":"Karen Macours","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1585-4418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1585-4418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57995698","display_name":"Paris School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qtp1053","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I51101395","https://openalex.org/I57995698","https://openalex.org/I90669466"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Macours","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paris School of Economics, Paris, France, karen.macours@parisschoolofeconomics.eu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paris School of Economics, Paris, France, karen.macours@parisschoolofeconomics.eu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57995698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035838737","display_name":"Daniela Marshall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US, daniela.marshall@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US, daniela.marshall@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060002460","display_name":"Christina H. Paxson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Paxson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Providence, RI, US, christina.paxson@gmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Providence, RI, US, christina.paxson@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031553116","display_name":"Renos Vakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-5489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-5489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renos Vakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Bank Washington, DC, US, rvakis@worldbank.org"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank Washington, DC, US, rvakis@worldbank.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":88.1871,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":188,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99947604,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"2","first_page":"446","last_page":"463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.5038999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.5038999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.17630000412464142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.0494999997317791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-cognitive-development","display_name":"early childhood cognitive development","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-cognitive-skills","display_name":"non-cognitive skills","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latin-america","display_name":"Latin America","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-development","display_name":"child development","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-entry","display_name":"school entry","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.8448842763900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.7293388843536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.7117270231246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140441792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910672","display_name":"Cognitive development","level":3,"score":0.6528924703598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6341909170150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777082460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3377398","display_name":"Early childhood","level":2,"score":0.5718494653701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46408602595329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42298096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomic development","level":2,"score":0.45046326518058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.37671828269958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3338766396045685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28244954347610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2332402467727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2149396538734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16301599144935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.08079907298088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3368/jhr.50.2.446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.50.2.446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.50.2.446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62957338","display_name":"The Journal of Human Resources","issn_l":"0022-166X","issn":["0022-166X","1548-8004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315918","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315918","https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin Press","University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25983344","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25983344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of human resources","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4431591","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4431591/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Hum Resour","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4431591","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4431591/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Hum Resour","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G908807124","display_name":"Early Child Development Programs: Effective Interventions for Human Development","funder_award_id":"R01HD065436","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485977819","https://openalex.org/W1499804035","https://openalex.org/W1499862992","https://openalex.org/W1509485276","https://openalex.org/W1577001291","https://openalex.org/W1605552950","https://openalex.org/W1630936264","https://openalex.org/W1731893335","https://openalex.org/W1898480771","https://openalex.org/W1927888420","https://openalex.org/W1944304198","https://openalex.org/W1975305325","https://openalex.org/W1975972276","https://openalex.org/W1997753419","https://openalex.org/W2024503557","https://openalex.org/W2027193483","https://openalex.org/W2124222455","https://openalex.org/W2124713355","https://openalex.org/W2147299362","https://openalex.org/W2159492200","https://openalex.org/W2165789147","https://openalex.org/W2329341088","https://openalex.org/W2498383124","https://openalex.org/W2499261495","https://openalex.org/W2891495529","https://openalex.org/W3121343146","https://openalex.org/W3121557545","https://openalex.org/W3121976020","https://openalex.org/W3122405961","https://openalex.org/W3125864288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1702186352","https://openalex.org/W7010177862","https://openalex.org/W7024904225","https://openalex.org/W29591667","https://openalex.org/W4390493319","https://openalex.org/W3124627922","https://openalex.org/W651456683","https://openalex.org/W2887583496","https://openalex.org/W1791812606","https://openalex.org/W3175080868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"from":[1],"the":[2,17,58,88],"United":[3],"States":[4],"shows":[5],"that":[6],"gaps":[7],"in":[8,16,38,44,73,75,103],"early":[9,15,45,76],"cognitive":[10,39,134],"and":[11,80,126],"non-cognitive":[12],"ability":[13,64],"appear":[14],"life":[18],"cycle.":[19],"Little":[20],"is":[21],"known":[22],"about":[23],"this":[24],"important":[25,71],"question":[26],"for":[27,47,65],"developing":[28],"countries.":[29,51,68],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"provides":[32],"new":[33],"evidence":[34],"of":[35,61,116,123,133],"sharp":[36],"differences":[37,72],"development":[40,74],"by":[41],"socioeconomic":[42,82,118],"status":[43],"childhood":[46,77],"five":[48,67],"Latin":[49],"American":[50],"To":[52],"help":[53],"with":[54],"comparability,":[55],"we":[56,92],"use":[57],"same":[59],"measure":[60,132],"receptive":[62],"language":[63],"all":[66],"We":[69],"find":[70],"across":[78],"countries,":[79],"steep":[81],"gradients":[83],"within":[84],"every":[85],"country.":[86],"For":[87],"three":[89],"countries":[90],"where":[91],"can":[93],"follow":[94],"children":[95,106],"over":[96],"time,":[97],"there":[98],"are":[99,111],"few":[100],"substantive":[101],"changes":[102],"scores":[104],"once":[105],"enter":[107],"school.":[108],"Our":[109],"results":[110],"robust":[112],"to":[113,120,127],"different":[114,121],"ways":[115,122],"defining":[117],"status,":[119],"standardizing":[124],"outcomes,":[125],"selective":[128],"non-response":[129],"on":[130],"our":[131],"development.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}