{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125870357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","title":"Visualizing Electromagnetic Vacuum by MRI","display_name":"Visualizing Electromagnetic Vacuum by MRI","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125870357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","mag":"3125870357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201610.0042/v3/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201610.0042/v3/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110940200","display_name":"Chandrika Sefcikova Chandrashekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-3056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-3056"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandrika S. Chandrashekar","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Lincoln High School (class of 2018), 3838 Trojan Trail, Tallahassee, Florida, 32311, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Lincoln High School (class of 2018), 3838 Trojan Trail, Tallahassee, Florida, 32311, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031478469","display_name":"Annadanesh Shellikeri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annadanesh Shellikeri","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Aeropropulsion, Mechatronics and Energy Center, Florida State University, 2003 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Aeropropulsion, Mechatronics and Energy Center, Florida State University, 2003 Levy Ave., Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S. Chandrashekar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132808","display_name":"National High Magnetic Field Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03s53g630","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4210120050","https://openalex.org/I4210132808"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Chandrashekar","raw_affiliation_strings":[". National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) and Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL) and Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida, 32310, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I4210132808"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019188545","display_name":"Erika Anne Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-640X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-640X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100538780","display_name":"Wesleyan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h7xva58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100538780"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erika A. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University,52 Lawn Ave., Hall-Atwater Labs, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-640X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University,52 Lawn Ave., Hall-Atwater Labs, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100538780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010519012","display_name":"Deanne\u00a0M. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3302-4610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3302-4610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deanne M. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19041, USA",". Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA",". Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19041, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165","https://openalex.org/I4210132808"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.7172999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.7172999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12603","display_name":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","score":0.2062000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11809","display_name":"Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications","score":0.050700001418590546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallic-strips","display_name":"metal strip","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-spectroscopic-imaging","display_name":"magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmr-chemical-shifts","display_name":"NMR chemical shifts","score":0.7789999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.653741717338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.5651428699493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34800285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159395","display_name":"Conductor","level":2,"score":0.5477532744407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.5288116931915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.5213678479194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.4775184690952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.427263468503952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.425849586725235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4171045422554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16519606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897715","display_name":"Perfect conductor","level":3,"score":0.41040340065956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3742607831954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37386465072631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.23921656608581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22613012790679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.08470869064331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0757007896900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07289206981658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201610.0042/v3/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201610.0042.v3","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201610.0042/v3/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6600000262260437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125870357.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125870357.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110285710","https://openalex.org/W1527190934","https://openalex.org/W1589163079","https://openalex.org/W1854566075","https://openalex.org/W1915883291","https://openalex.org/W1968361769","https://openalex.org/W1968636847","https://openalex.org/W1970134060","https://openalex.org/W1977060986","https://openalex.org/W1977358268","https://openalex.org/W1977797353","https://openalex.org/W1978134131","https://openalex.org/W1985390876","https://openalex.org/W1989668627","https://openalex.org/W1994848481","https://openalex.org/W1995412269","https://openalex.org/W1995923139","https://openalex.org/W2000723365","https://openalex.org/W2000997657","https://openalex.org/W2011764801","https://openalex.org/W2029955166","https://openalex.org/W2030573777","https://openalex.org/W2032364562","https://openalex.org/W2033586716","https://openalex.org/W2034007838","https://openalex.org/W2054045040","https://openalex.org/W2062517395","https://openalex.org/W2066391865","https://openalex.org/W2069816647","https://openalex.org/W2072231779","https://openalex.org/W2075662860","https://openalex.org/W2077026659","https://openalex.org/W2081476267","https://openalex.org/W2083155416","https://openalex.org/W2085421623","https://openalex.org/W2086958208","https://openalex.org/W2088940505","https://openalex.org/W2094390853","https://openalex.org/W2105435975","https://openalex.org/W2109714392","https://openalex.org/W2112546318","https://openalex.org/W2128201718","https://openalex.org/W2135545364","https://openalex.org/W2147430805","https://openalex.org/W2152907142","https://openalex.org/W2164558848","https://openalex.org/W2211673977","https://openalex.org/W2227983549","https://openalex.org/W2235488167","https://openalex.org/W3011759179","https://openalex.org/W3022409053","https://openalex.org/W3125870357","https://openalex.org/W4241688803","https://openalex.org/W4242693732","https://openalex.org/W4387359349","https://openalex.org/W4388229418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2602852074","https://openalex.org/W2057257872","https://openalex.org/W6885093193","https://openalex.org/W1991461348","https://openalex.org/W1988255540","https://openalex.org/W3083296789","https://openalex.org/W4390064677","https://openalex.org/W2485984865","https://openalex.org/W4415182604","https://openalex.org/W2133619766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"upon":[1,15],"Maxwell's":[2],"equations,":[3],"it":[4],"has":[5],"long":[6],"been":[7],"established":[8],"that":[9,106],"oscillating":[10],"electromagnetic":[11],"(EM)":[12],"fields":[13,41],"incident":[14],"a":[16,26,52,57,80,112,141],"metal":[17,59,81,113,154,173],"surface":[18,131],"decay":[19],"exponentially":[20],"inside":[21,56],"the":[22,48,147,149],"conductor,":[23],"leading":[24],"to":[25,42,116,159],"virtual":[27,53],"EM":[28,40,54],"vacuum":[29,55],"at":[30],"sufficient":[31],"depths.":[32],"Magnetic":[33],"resonance":[34,121],"imaging":[35,103],"(MRI)":[36],"utilizes":[37],"radiofrequency":[38],"(r.f.)":[39],"produce":[43],"images.":[44],"Here":[45],"we":[46,99],"present":[47],"first":[49],"visualization":[50],"of":[51,77,79,111,152,166],"bulk":[58,153,172],"strip":[60],"by":[61],"MRI,":[62],"amongst":[63],"several":[64],"novel":[65],"findings.We":[66],"uncover":[67],"unexpected":[68],"MRI":[69,139,155,174],"intensity":[70,88],"patterns":[71],"arising":[72],"from":[73],"two":[74],"orthogonal":[75],"pairs":[76],"faces":[78,109],"strip,":[82],"and":[83,138,175],"derive":[84],"formulae":[85],"for":[86,129],"their":[87,117],"ratios,":[89],"revealing":[90],"differing":[91],"effective":[92],"elemental":[93],"volumes":[94],"(voxels)":[95],"underneath":[96],"these":[97],"faces.Further,":[98],"furnish":[100],"chemical":[101,123,132],"shift":[102],"(CSI)":[104],"results":[105,167],"discriminate":[107],"different":[108],"(surfaces)":[110],"block":[114],"according":[115],"distinct":[118],"nuclear":[119],"magnetic":[120],"(NMR)":[122],"shifts,":[124],"which":[125],"holds":[126],"much":[127],"promise":[128],"monitoring":[130],"reactions":[133],"noninvasively.Bulk":[134],"metals":[135],"are":[136],"ubiquitous,":[137],"is":[140],"premier":[142],"noninvasive":[143],"diagnostic":[144],"tool.":[145],"Combining":[146],"two,":[148],"emerging":[150],"field":[151],"can":[156],"be":[157],"expected":[158],"grow":[160],"in":[161],"importance.":[162],"The":[163],"fundamental":[164],"nature":[165],"presented":[168],"here":[169],"may":[170],"impact":[171],"CSI":[176],"across":[177],"many":[178],"fields.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
