{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125821647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","title":"Evaluation of Synergistic Effect of Cytosine-Phosphodiesterbond-Guanosin-Oligodeoxynucleotide 7909, and Protamine on Transfection Process Mediated by Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles","display_name":"Evaluation of Synergistic Effect of Cytosine-Phosphodiesterbond-Guanosin-Oligodeoxynucleotide 7909, and Protamine on Transfection Process Mediated by Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125821647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","mag":"3125821647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211336","display_name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","issn_l":"0975-4415","issn":["0975-4415"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063668530","display_name":"Ghassaq Tariq Alubaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7287-9398","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7287-9398"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghassaq T. Al-Ubaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Alkadhimiya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Alkadhimiya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110562860","display_name":"Ahmed Abbas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed A. Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbiology Dep., College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Alkadhimiya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiology Dep., College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Alkadhimiya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027935263","display_name":"Ali A. Taha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-5104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7836-5104"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171256487","display_name":"University of Technology - Iraq","ror":"https://ror.org/01w1ehb86","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali A. Taha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biotechnology Dep., University of Technology,10001 Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biotechnology Dep., University of Technology,10001 Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028403182","display_name":"Qasim S. Sharhan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qasim S. Sharhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Alkadhimiya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Alkadhimiya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014007287","display_name":"Israa W. Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israa W. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Alkadhimiya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Alkadhimiya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019302816","display_name":"Ilham Ahmed Jasim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilham A. Jasim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Alkadhimiya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Unit, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Alkadhimiya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"01","first_page":"52","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.7056000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.7056000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.19120000302791595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.04859999939799309,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-phosphate-nanoparticles","display_name":"calcium phosphate nanoparticles","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protamine","display_name":"protamine","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvants","display_name":"adjuvants","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esat-6","display_name":"ESAT-6","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bcg-vaccine","display_name":"BCG vaccine","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonviral-gene-delivery","display_name":"non-viral gene delivery","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"tuberculosis","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thp-1-macrophages","display_name":"THP-1 macrophages","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-12","display_name":"IL-12","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmid-transfection","display_name":"plasmid transfection","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synergistic-effect","display_name":"synergistic effect","score":0.6690000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777863537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357896","display_name":"Adjuvant","level":2,"score":0.6407087445259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.637924075126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22801619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477471","display_name":"CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide","level":5,"score":0.5533777475357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54009773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429031","display_name":"Transfection","level":3,"score":0.5270723700523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911179620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901656","display_name":"Immunopotentiator","level":3,"score":0.5062826871871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.5018136501312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167508917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578537","display_name":"DNA vaccination","level":4,"score":0.479081928730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780835560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449573","display_name":"Protamine","level":3,"score":0.46284788846969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781064340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22228705","display_name":"ESAT-6","level":4,"score":0.4313797354698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.40777069330215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.36020591855049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.35562390089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.22404766082763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.21219199895858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1812644898891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.15977469086647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190727270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874745","display_name":"DNA methylation","level":4,"score":0.14056545495986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.13847088813781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.07678177952766418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777557582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190016","display_name":"Heparin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211336","display_name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","issn_l":"0975-4415","issn":["0975-4415"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.10.1.9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211336","display_name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","issn_l":"0975-4415","issn":["0975-4415"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125821647.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125821647.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980047311","https://openalex.org/W1989652820","https://openalex.org/W1997220323","https://openalex.org/W2000101803","https://openalex.org/W2039483927","https://openalex.org/W2056458872","https://openalex.org/W2068851385","https://openalex.org/W2078810655","https://openalex.org/W2268686944","https://openalex.org/W2432929256","https://openalex.org/W2589094119","https://openalex.org/W2786518272","https://openalex.org/W4250957873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2763570319","https://openalex.org/W2552481447","https://openalex.org/W2801325884","https://openalex.org/W4300563773","https://openalex.org/W2152669686","https://openalex.org/W2017045554","https://openalex.org/W2886290895","https://openalex.org/W2544468429","https://openalex.org/W7160867878","https://openalex.org/W2213256204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bacille":[0],"Calmette-Guerin":[1],"(BCG)":[2],"still":[3],"the":[4,29,41,152,165,192,213],"only":[5,161],"authenticated":[6],"vaccine":[7],"against":[8,168],"tuberculosis.":[9],"Due":[10],"to":[11,46,50,73,128,164,185,212],"its":[12,126],"drawbacks,":[13],"a":[14,17,36,51,80,99,129],"need":[15],"for":[16],"new":[18],"formula":[19,173,186],"has":[20,98],"emerged.":[21],"The":[22,32,83],"implication":[23,193],"of":[24,28,194],"\u201cNanovaccinology\u201d":[25],"is":[26,71,107,112],"one":[27,188],"possible":[30],"alternatives.":[31],"non-viral":[33],"vectors":[34],"have":[35],"low":[37],"transfection":[38],"ability.":[39],"In":[40,190],"context,":[42],"this":[43],"work":[44],"aims":[45],"add":[47],"two":[48,175,201],"adjuvants":[49,84,176,202],"calcium":[52],"phosphate":[53],"nanoparticles":[54],"(CPNPs)":[55],"functionalized":[56],"with":[57,174,200,216],"early":[58],"secreted":[59],"antigenic":[60],"target":[61],"6-kilo":[62],"dalton":[63],"(":[64,94],"ESAT-6)":[65],"cloned":[66],"pcDNA3.1(+)":[67],"plasmid.":[68],"ESAT-6":[69,146],"gene":[70,197,215],"specific":[72],"mycobacterium":[74],"tuberculosis":[75],"complex":[76,117,172],"(MTC)":[77],"and":[78,90,139],"encodes":[79],"T-cell":[81],"antigen.":[82],"in":[85,102,178,196,209],"practice":[86],"are":[87],"Herring":[88],"protamine":[89,106],"cytosine-phosphodiester":[91],"bond-guanosine-oligodeoxynucleotide":[92],"7909":[93],"CpG-ODN":[95],"7909).":[96],"Each":[97],"different":[100,205],"strategy":[101],"enhancing":[103],"immune":[104,135,182,219],"response;":[105],"particulate":[108],"adjuvant":[109],"while":[110],"CpG":[111],"an":[113],"immunopotentiator":[114],"substance.":[115],"Nano":[116,171],"was":[118],"transfected":[119],"into":[120],"THP-1":[121],"monocytic":[122],"cell":[123],"line":[124],"after":[125],"activation":[127],"macrophage":[130],"via":[131,151],"100nM":[132],"PMA.":[133],"Cellular":[134],"response,":[136],"interleukin-12":[137],"(IL-12),":[138],"tumor":[140],"necrosis":[141],"factor":[142],"\u2013alfa":[143],"(TNF-\u0251)":[144],"also":[145],"protein":[147],"production":[148],"were":[149],"assayed":[150],"Sandwich":[153],"ELISA":[154],"technique.":[155],"Results":[156],"revealed":[157],"that":[158],"CPNPs":[159,195],"offer":[160],"partial":[162,210],"protection":[163,211],"adsorbed":[166],"plasmid":[167],"enzymatic":[169],"degradation.":[170],"resulted":[177],"significantly":[179],"higher":[180],"cellular":[181,218],"response":[183],"comparing":[184],"carrying":[187],"adjuvant.":[189],"conclusion,":[191],"delivery":[198],"accompanied":[199],"each":[203],"possess":[204],"strategy,":[206],"will":[207],"result":[208],"delivered":[214],"upsurge":[217],"response.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
