{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125729211","doi":null,"title":"Small-scale pellet boiler emissions : characterization and comparison to other combustion units","display_name":"Small-scale pellet boiler emissions : characterization and comparison to other combustion units","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125729211","mag":"3125729211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:erepo.uef.fi:123456789/14410","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-7091-03-6","pdf_url":"https://erepo.uef.fi/bitstreams/25b42d92-0d11-40d0-baa7-087ab57dc5e8/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402418","display_name":"UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","host_organization_name":"University of Eastern Finland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://erepo.uef.fi/bitstreams/25b42d92-0d11-40d0-baa7-087ab57dc5e8/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055621488","display_name":"Heikki Lamberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-3241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-3241"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Lamberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-3241","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055621488"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.7143999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":0.7143999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.09690000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.03700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pellet-boiler","display_name":"pellet boiler","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fine-particle-emissions","display_name":"fine particle emissions","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residential-combustion","display_name":"residential combustion","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood-stoves","display_name":"wood stoves","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-boilers","display_name":"oil boilers","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood-chips","display_name":"wood chips","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-fuel-oil","display_name":"heavy fuel oil","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-ash","display_name":"fly ash","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soot-formation","display_name":"soot formation","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali-metals","display_name":"alkali metals","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peat","display_name":"peat","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons","display_name":"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals","display_name":"heavy metals","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-fuel-ratio","display_name":"air-fuel ratio","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incomplete-combustion","display_name":"incomplete combustion","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-combustion","display_name":"biomass combustion","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flue-gas-treatment","display_name":"flue gas treatment","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-regulations","display_name":"emission regulations","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527229","display_name":"Pellet","level":2,"score":0.8090133666992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.6952380537986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780013297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19596153","display_name":"Boiler (water heating)","level":2,"score":0.6345672011375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5742336511611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5400084257125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.47905242443084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.4001260995864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3450257480144501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.29625505208969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2292393445968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09361955523490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:erepo.uef.fi:123456789/14410","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-7091-03-6","pdf_url":"https://erepo.uef.fi/bitstreams/25b42d92-0d11-40d0-baa7-087ab57dc5e8/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402418","display_name":"UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","host_organization_name":"University of Eastern Finland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:3125729211","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://erepo.uef.fi/handle/123456789/14410","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:erepo.uef.fi:123456789/14410","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-7091-03-6","pdf_url":"https://erepo.uef.fi/bitstreams/25b42d92-0d11-40d0-baa7-087ab57dc5e8/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402418","display_name":"UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","host_organization_name":"University of Eastern Finland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.7811999917030334,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310055","display_name":"It\u00e4-Suomen Yliopisto","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125729211.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125729211.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":159,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137360949","https://openalex.org/W181971182","https://openalex.org/W572659237","https://openalex.org/W748425942","https://openalex.org/W1166867742","https://openalex.org/W1465517602","https://openalex.org/W1515376125","https://openalex.org/W1517562672","https://openalex.org/W1563026515","https://openalex.org/W1597317454","https://openalex.org/W1907369419","https://openalex.org/W1964242000","https://openalex.org/W1964607089","https://openalex.org/W1969298331","https://openalex.org/W1970143525","https://openalex.org/W1973521440","https://openalex.org/W1973704956","https://openalex.org/W1975129189","https://openalex.org/W1976173954","https://openalex.org/W1976308835","https://openalex.org/W1976472342","https://openalex.org/W1978466957","https://openalex.org/W1980544254","https://openalex.org/W1982056270","https://openalex.org/W1982524993","https://openalex.org/W1983352307","https://openalex.org/W1985023296","https://openalex.org/W1985545541","https://openalex.org/W1986459047","https://openalex.org/W1988063372","https://openalex.org/W1988963778","https://openalex.org/W1990712577","https://openalex.org/W1991351693","https://openalex.org/W1995977361","https://openalex.org/W1997761668","https://openalex.org/W1998826231","https://openalex.org/W2000760449","https://openalex.org/W2000790306","https://openalex.org/W2000844937","https://openalex.org/W2000999170","https://openalex.org/W2003343574","https://openalex.org/W2004025218","https://openalex.org/W2005707415","https://openalex.org/W2007103119","https://openalex.org/W2007117895","https://openalex.org/W2008463113","https://openalex.org/W2009709076","https://openalex.org/W2009929332","https://openalex.org/W2012387031","https://openalex.org/W2012514901","https://openalex.org/W2012619539","https://openalex.org/W2012835553","https://openalex.org/W2013717277","https://openalex.org/W2014560275","https://openalex.org/W2016433849","https://openalex.org/W2016723308","https://openalex.org/W2016762422","https://openalex.org/W2016772636","https://openalex.org/W2018403166","https://openalex.org/W2020532571","https://openalex.org/W2020729558","https://openalex.org/W2020811246","https://openalex.org/W2023409911","https://openalex.org/W2024662531","https://openalex.org/W2024747980","https://openalex.org/W2024817158","https://openalex.org/W2025754756","https://openalex.org/W2027153845","https://openalex.org/W2029080843","https://openalex.org/W2029309427","https://openalex.org/W2029434371","https://openalex.org/W2031571630","https://openalex.org/W2036289626","https://openalex.org/W2039686026","https://openalex.org/W2039740589","https://openalex.org/W2041094061","https://openalex.org/W2041106491","https://openalex.org/W2041786128","https://openalex.org/W2043258642","https://openalex.org/W2044640063","https://openalex.org/W2045618599","https://openalex.org/W2045920795","https://openalex.org/W2048101167","https://openalex.org/W2049609364","https://openalex.org/W2050676952","https://openalex.org/W2052386750","https://openalex.org/W2054790601","https://openalex.org/W2055323463","https://openalex.org/W2056895757","https://openalex.org/W2057465886","https://openalex.org/W2057619950","https://openalex.org/W2058343974","https://openalex.org/W2058688435","https://openalex.org/W2059984985","https://openalex.org/W2063810653","https://openalex.org/W2065483839","https://openalex.org/W2066642777","https://openalex.org/W2066657257","https://openalex.org/W2072350292","https://openalex.org/W2073571833","https://openalex.org/W2074912117","https://openalex.org/W2075704530","https://openalex.org/W2076337531","https://openalex.org/W2079981906","https://openalex.org/W2080819995","https://openalex.org/W2082778786","https://openalex.org/W2082798930","https://openalex.org/W2087028174","https://openalex.org/W2087422957","https://openalex.org/W2088221665","https://openalex.org/W2089018858","https://openalex.org/W2089293723","https://openalex.org/W2089999855","https://openalex.org/W2091248159","https://openalex.org/W2091668013","https://openalex.org/W2091831559","https://openalex.org/W2096662414","https://openalex.org/W2102995822","https://openalex.org/W2103487956","https://openalex.org/W2109400845","https://openalex.org/W2110126735","https://openalex.org/W2113912428","https://openalex.org/W2114585886","https://openalex.org/W2118717776","https://openalex.org/W2120016654","https://openalex.org/W2132264360","https://openalex.org/W2132436820","https://openalex.org/W2138340829","https://openalex.org/W2140137657","https://openalex.org/W2140720810","https://openalex.org/W2141738333","https://openalex.org/W2141994519","https://openalex.org/W2142923702","https://openalex.org/W2144923407","https://openalex.org/W2146206043","https://openalex.org/W2150581225","https://openalex.org/W2154610441","https://openalex.org/W2156227329","https://openalex.org/W2158129017","https://openalex.org/W2161175616","https://openalex.org/W2161632000","https://openalex.org/W2162214076","https://openalex.org/W2164346229","https://openalex.org/W2165687464","https://openalex.org/W2166604768","https://openalex.org/W2167726774","https://openalex.org/W2315664095","https://openalex.org/W2327755174","https://openalex.org/W2329312580","https://openalex.org/W2329711844","https://openalex.org/W2330544120","https://openalex.org/W2519259396","https://openalex.org/W2563485765","https://openalex.org/W2795735178","https://openalex.org/W2939474406","https://openalex.org/W2969458615","https://openalex.org/W2969830803","https://openalex.org/W3080858196","https://openalex.org/W3137199736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327755174","https://openalex.org/W2805796862","https://openalex.org/W3095305500","https://openalex.org/W2607213331","https://openalex.org/W2775332632","https://openalex.org/W7095410782","https://openalex.org/W2020532571","https://openalex.org/W2229914339","https://openalex.org/W1976371930","https://openalex.org/W2745709837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Residential":[0],"combustion":[1,39,55,63,90,118,125,136,181,242,316,345,349,382,387],"has":[2],"been":[3],"identified":[4],"as":[5,51,362],"one":[6],"of":[7,11,20,100,109,116,123,129,150,179,185,202,210,224,282,322,392,408],"the":[8,28,127,135,148,199,206,225,231,260,266,299,311,320,390,406],"main":[9],"sources":[10,326],"particulate":[12],"matter":[13],"(PM);":[14],"fine":[15,32,110,130,143,151,158,173,194,218,277,289],"particles":[16,106,154,278],"are":[17,95,268,279,346,375,402],"important":[18],"because":[19,223],"their":[21],"adverse":[22],"effects":[23],"on":[24,254,298],"human":[25],"health":[26],"and":[27,46,77,83,256,285,369,384],"environment.In":[29],"this":[30,348],"thesis,":[31],"particle":[33,144,159,195,221,247,255,301,335,339],"emissions":[34,56,87,160,178,196,222,258,267,337,340,361,380,394],"originating":[35],"from":[36,61,88,272,324,341,395],"residential":[37,103,396],"pellet":[38,52,54,89,93,166,273,354,363],"were":[40,57,307,372],"characterized":[41],"in":[42,91,139,142,205,216,230,239,259,295],"different":[43,48,325],"operational":[44],"situations":[45],"using":[47,381],"raw":[49,167],"materials":[50],"fuel.Moreover,":[53],"compared":[58,97],"with":[59],"those":[60,99],"other":[62,101],"technologies":[64],"used":[65,238],"for":[66,315,334,378],"heat":[67],"production,":[68],"including":[69],"batch-wise":[70,262],"operated":[71,263],"wood":[72,81],"stoves,":[73],"residentialscale":[74],"oil":[75,344,357],"boilers":[76,94],"medium-scale":[78],"plants":[79],"utilizing":[80],"chips":[82],"heavy":[84,370],"fuel":[85,171,343,356],"oil.Particle":[86],"modern":[92],"low":[96],"to":[98,163,187,192,198,244,309,404],"wood-fueled":[102],"appliances;":[104],"these":[105,296],"primarily":[107],"consist":[108],"inorganic":[111],"fly":[112,131,152,174,219,290],"ash.Decreasing":[113],"air-to-fuel":[114,121],"ratio":[115,122],"primary":[117],"while":[119],"increasing":[120],"secondary":[124],"affected":[126,170],"release":[128],"ash":[132,153,175,220,291],"without":[133],"deteriorating":[134],"conditions,":[137,147],"resulting":[138],"significant":[140],"reductions":[141],"emissions.In":[145],"low-load":[146],"amount":[149],"remained":[155,182],"constant,":[156],"but":[157],"increased":[161,200],"due":[162,197],"soot":[164],"formation.The":[165],"material":[168],"largely":[169],"originated":[172],"emissions,":[176],"whereas":[177],"incomplete":[180],"low.The":[183],"addition":[184],"peat":[186],"biomass":[188],"fuels":[189],"was":[190],"found":[191,308],"decrease":[193],"binding":[201],"alkali":[203,227],"metals":[204,371],"bottom":[207],"ash.The":[208],"use":[209],"bark":[211],"or":[212],"straw":[213],"pellets":[214,235],"resulted":[215],"elevated":[217],"larger":[226],"metal":[228],"contents":[229],"fuel.Thus,":[232],"only":[233],"stem-wood-based":[234],"should":[236],"be":[237,310],"current":[240],"residential-scale":[241],"technology":[243,249,383,388],"prevent":[245],"additional":[246],"emissions.Combustion":[248],"had":[250],"a":[251],"substantial":[252],"effect":[253],"gaseous":[257],"studied":[261],"appliances,":[264],"although":[265,288],"generally":[269],"higher":[270],"than":[271,330,353],"combustion.In":[274],"batch":[275],"combustion,":[276],"mainly":[280],"formed":[281],"elemental":[283],"carbon":[284],"organic":[286],"matter,":[287],"is":[292,332],"also":[293,373],"present":[294],"particles.Based":[297],"analyzed":[300],"components,":[302],"polycyclic":[303],"aromatic":[304],"hydrocarbons":[305],"(PAHs)":[306],"most":[312],"sensitive":[313],"compound":[314],"quality,":[317],"indicating":[318],"that":[319],"harmfulness":[321],"PM":[323,360],"may":[327],"vary":[328],"more":[329,351,367],"what":[331],"estimated":[333],"mass":[336],"alone.Although":[338],"light":[342],"low,":[347],"produces":[350],"PAHs":[352,368],"combustion.Heavy":[355],"exhibited":[358],"similar":[359],"boilers;":[364],"however,":[365,398],"significantly":[366],"produced.There":[374],"numerous":[376],"options":[377],"reducing":[379],"fluegas":[385],"cleaning.Overall,":[386],"provides":[389],"possibility":[391],"decreasing":[393],"combustion;":[397],"firmer":[399],"emission":[400],"regulations":[401],"needed":[403],"increase":[405],"utilization":[407],"low-emission":[409],"technologies.":[410]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
