{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124835459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858816658271","title":"Firm-Led Malaria Prevention in the United States, 1910-1920","display_name":"Firm-Led Malaria Prevention in the United States, 1910-1920","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124835459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858816658271","mag":"3124835459","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29086647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0098858816658271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858816658271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858816658271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188395625","display_name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","issn_l":"0098-8588","issn":["0098-8588","2375-835X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Law &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079539009","display_name":"Byron Carson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-146X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0732-146X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Byron Carson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Address: Department of Economics, George Mason University, MS 3G4, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","Department of Economics, George Mason University, MS 3G4, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Address: Department of Economics, George Mason University, MS 3G4, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, George Mason University, MS 3G4, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079539009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5222,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9840413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"2-3","first_page":"310","last_page":"332"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-prevention","display_name":"malaria prevention","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-health-programs","display_name":"corporate health programs","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/railway-companies","display_name":"railway companies","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton-mills","display_name":"cotton mills","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-hierarchy","display_name":"organizational hierarchy","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-incentives","display_name":"productivity incentives","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-intervention","display_name":"federal intervention","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-20th-century","display_name":"early 20th century","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texas","display_name":"Texas","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-carolina","display_name":"North Carolina","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.7984318733215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7443087100982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5672721266746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5612525939941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43176108598709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40407633781433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3999480605125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3280564546585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.32553333044052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.223809152841568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.2156563103199005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15490520000457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007221","descriptor_name":"Industry","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008288","descriptor_name":"Malaria","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011322","descriptor_name":"Primary Prevention","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035082","descriptor_name":"Federal Government","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0098858816658271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858816658271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858816658271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S188395625","display_name":"American Journal of Law & Medicine","issn_l":"0098-8588","issn":["0098-8588","2375-835X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Law &amp; Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29086647","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29086647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of law & medicine","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48755331","https://openalex.org/W1504012248","https://openalex.org/W2004816111","https://openalex.org/W2050719784","https://openalex.org/W2063888776","https://openalex.org/W2069573029","https://openalex.org/W2070154026","https://openalex.org/W2072585631","https://openalex.org/W2074061242","https://openalex.org/W2119427242","https://openalex.org/W2121049991","https://openalex.org/W2129337676","https://openalex.org/W2144162688","https://openalex.org/W2145226516","https://openalex.org/W2156052135","https://openalex.org/W2156148770","https://openalex.org/W2167516483","https://openalex.org/W2217174858","https://openalex.org/W2239361848","https://openalex.org/W2252853899","https://openalex.org/W2261961433","https://openalex.org/W2296971714","https://openalex.org/W2335497435","https://openalex.org/W2403145551","https://openalex.org/W2416829781","https://openalex.org/W2439684709","https://openalex.org/W2468695553","https://openalex.org/W2470121537","https://openalex.org/W2566175816","https://openalex.org/W3021754561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2479100346","https://openalex.org/W2278436584","https://openalex.org/W3035466341","https://openalex.org/W2626887664","https://openalex.org/W7028000916","https://openalex.org/W4387101951","https://openalex.org/W1601622059","https://openalex.org/W4283071326","https://openalex.org/W3148877879","https://openalex.org/W7136049523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,23,31,42,80,89,94,98],"absence":[2],"of":[3,33,82,92,97],"capable":[4],"government":[5],"services,":[6],"a":[7,86],"railroad":[8],"company":[9],"in":[10,16,22,60,88],"Texas":[11],"and":[12,38,62,68,101,112,130],"multiple":[13],"cotton":[14],"mills":[15],"North":[17],"Carolina":[18],"successfully":[19],"prevented":[20],"malaria":[21,47],"early":[24],"twentieth":[25],"century.":[26],"This":[27],"Article":[28],"looks":[29],"through":[30],"lens":[32],"economics":[34],"to":[35,44,74,107],"understand":[36],"how":[37],"why":[39],"people":[40],"had":[41],"incentive":[43],"privately":[45],"coordinate":[46],"prevention":[48,84],"during":[49],"this":[50],"time,":[51],"but":[52],"not":[53,133],"after.":[54],"These":[55],"firms,":[56],"motivated":[57],"by":[58],"increases":[59],"productivity":[61],"profit,":[63],"implemented":[64],"extensive":[65],"anti-malaria":[66],"programs":[67],"used":[69],"their":[70],"hierarchical":[71],"organizational":[72],"structures":[73],"monitor":[75],"performance.":[76],"The":[77],"factors":[78],"underlying":[79],"decline":[81],"private":[83],"include":[85],"fall":[87],"overall":[90],"rate":[91],"malaria,":[93],"increasing":[95],"presence":[96],"federal":[99],"government,":[100],"technological":[102],"innovations":[103],"that":[104],"lowered":[105],"exposure":[106],"mosquitoes.":[108],"Understanding":[109],"how,":[110],"why,":[111],"when":[113],"firms":[114],"can":[115],"prevent":[116],"diseases":[117],"has":[118],"important":[119],"implications":[120],"for":[121],"current":[122],"disease":[123],"policy,":[124],"especially":[125],"where":[126],"governments,":[127],"international":[128],"organizations,":[129],"technologies":[131],"are":[132],"enough.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
