{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124701903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00115","title":"When Economic Reform is Faster Then Statistical Reform: Measuring and Explaining Income Inequality in Rural China","display_name":"When Economic Reform is Faster Then Statistical Reform: Measuring and Explaining Income Inequality in Rural China","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124701903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00115","mag":"3124701903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-0084.00115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92565720","display_name":"Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics","issn_l":"0305-9049","issn":["0305-9049","1468-0084"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005651933","display_name":"Martin Datt Ravallion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-4183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-4183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55633929","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02md09461","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Ravallion","raw_affiliation_strings":["Development Research Group, The World Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development Research Group, The World Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335676","display_name":"Shaohua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-2626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-2626"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55633929","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02md09461","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Development Research Group, The World Bank"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development Research Group, The World Bank","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3840,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3840},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.591,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98146816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-china","display_name":"rural China","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-survey-data","display_name":"household survey data","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-revisions","display_name":"data revisions","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-based-valuation","display_name":"market-based valuation","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-of-living-adjustments","display_name":"cost of living adjustment","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-farm-income","display_name":"off-farm income","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-transfers","display_name":"private transfers","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-reform","display_name":"economic reform","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-structural-change","display_name":"rural structural change","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776085556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183361","display_name":"Chen","level":2,"score":0.7423516511917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.6105024814605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6102885603904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.5318453311920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513380476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Economic inequality","level":3,"score":0.531441867351532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777045944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12170198","display_name":"Zh\u00e0ng","level":3,"score":0.47702571749687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.47685134410858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4207567274570465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3274502754211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32437562942504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.32432985305786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.31381309032440186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09667056798934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07645216584205627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-0084.00115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.00115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92565720","display_name":"Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics","issn_l":"0305-9049","issn":["0305-9049","1468-0084"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.200.6836","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.200.6836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://econ.worldbank.org/docs/308.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:obuest:v:61:y:1999:i:1:p:33-56","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=synergy&synergyAction=showTOC&journalCode=obes&volume=61&issue=1&year=1999&part=null","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.8928999900817871,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534129294","https://openalex.org/W2024373130","https://openalex.org/W2048107621","https://openalex.org/W2078872506","https://openalex.org/W2165286471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7015075318","https://openalex.org/W2085611322","https://openalex.org/W7098815424","https://openalex.org/W2954515069","https://openalex.org/W7065407466","https://openalex.org/W3088454394","https://openalex.org/W7100588287","https://openalex.org/W1501250660","https://openalex.org/W1480741052","https://openalex.org/W2588439152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Official":[0],"tabulations":[1],"from":[2],"household":[3],"survey":[4,44],"data":[5,48,80],"suggest":[6,83],"rising":[7,88],"income":[8,91],"inequality":[9,62],"in":[10,26,36,61],"post-reform":[11],"rural":[12,29],"China,":[13],"and":[14,71,171],"this":[15,176],"trend":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18,33],"of":[19,56,127],"public":[20],"concern.":[21],"However,":[22],"the":[23,27,37,42,57,123,128,148,159,183],"structural":[24],"changes":[25],"Chinese":[28],"economy":[30],"had":[31],"not":[32],"properly":[34],"reflected":[35],"methods":[38,68],"used":[39,70],"for":[40,49,75,87,139,164,172],"processing":[41],"raw":[43],"data.":[45],"Using":[46],"micro":[47],"four":[50],"provinces,":[51],"we":[52],"find":[53],"that":[54],"two-thirds":[55],"conventionally":[58],"measured":[59],"increase":[60],"1985-90":[63],"vanishes":[64],"when":[65],"market-based":[66],"valuation":[67],"are":[69,73,121,156],"allowances":[72],"made":[74],"regional":[76],"cost-of-living":[77],"differences.":[78],"The":[79,119,154],"revisions":[81],"also":[82,180],"somewhat":[84],"different":[85],"explanations":[86],"inequality.":[89],"Non-farm":[90],"was":[92,133],"secondary":[93],"to":[94,99,109,158,167,182],"grain":[95],"production.":[96],"Higher":[97],"returns":[98,108],"farm":[100],"land":[101],"over":[102],"time":[103],"were":[104],"inequality-increasing":[105],"while":[106],"lower":[107],"physical":[110],"capital":[111],"reduced":[112],"inequality,":[113],"as":[114,135],"did":[115],"private":[116],"transfers.":[117],"1":[118],"authors":[120,155],"with":[122],"Development":[124],"Research":[125],"Group":[126],"World":[129,149],"Bank.":[130],"This":[131],"paper":[132,138],"prepared":[134],"a":[136],"background":[137],"\u201cChina":[140],"2020:":[141],"Sharing":[142],"Rising":[143],"Income":[144],"\u201d":[145],"produced":[146],"by":[147],"Bank\u2019s":[150],"East":[151],"Asia":[152],"region.":[153],"grateful":[157],"report\u2019s":[160],"manager,":[161],"Tamar":[162],"Maluelyan,":[163],"encouraging":[165],"them":[166],"investigate":[168],"these":[169],"issues,":[170],"her":[173],"comments":[174],"on":[175],"paper.":[177],"Their":[178],"thanks":[179],"go":[181],"Bulletin\u2019s":[184],"two":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}