{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124680945","doi":null,"title":"Investment Creation and Investment Diversion: Simulation Analysis of the Single Market Programme","display_name":"Investment Creation and Investment Diversion: Simulation Analysis of the Single Market Programme","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124680945","mag":"3124680945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:11453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11453/files/w5364.pdf","pdf_url":"https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11453/files/w5364.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11453","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11451","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074481124","display_name":"Richard Baldwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-4157","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-4157"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-4157","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044286880","display_name":"Rikard Forslid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4290-1889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4290-1889"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rikard Forslid","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4290-1889","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017646087","display_name":"Jan I. Haaland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5410-484X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5410-484X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan I. Haaland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9356581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.79830002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.79830002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.13819999992847443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.02319999970495701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-diversion","display_name":"investment diversion","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-free-trade-association","display_name":"EFTA","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-stock","display_name":"capital stock","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-integration","display_name":"market integration","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tradable-sector","display_name":"tradable sector","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-intensive-production","display_name":"capital-intensive production","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rental-prices","display_name":"rental prices","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-income","display_name":"real income","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-economic-integration","display_name":"regional economic integration","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-study","display_name":"simulation study","score":0.33799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832039","display_name":"Trade diversion","level":4,"score":0.6903839707374573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.650244951248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6209585666656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.5200393199920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157171","display_name":"Renting","level":2,"score":0.5076364278793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120564339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456372","display_name":"Fixed investment","level":5,"score":0.5058695673942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.47081097960472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779108270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832035","display_name":"Trade creation","level":5,"score":0.4658421277999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.45987361669540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178549432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5610518","display_name":"Gross private domestic investment","level":5,"score":0.44658851623535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4410886764526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.4231025278568268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143369678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467212","display_name":"Capital intensity","level":3,"score":0.41572558879852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3991939425468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.39713627099990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169549615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q939134","display_name":"Return on investment","level":3,"score":0.39615964889526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58202505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035700","display_name":"Capital formation","level":4,"score":0.3112260699272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.2775353193283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181308471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25245118","display_name":"Open-ended investment company","level":4,"score":0.2297840714454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44750222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897397","display_name":"Financial capital","level":3,"score":0.22032690048217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2102120816707611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.18146398663520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5335686","display_name":"International free trade agreement","level":3,"score":0.12229686975479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:11453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11453/files/w5364.pdf","pdf_url":"https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11453/files/w5364.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11453","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:6734","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/6734/files/investment_creation_and_investment_diversion_simulation_analysis_of_the_single_market_programme.pdf","pdf_url":"https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/6734/files/investment_creation_and_investment_diversion_simulation_analysis_of_the_single_market_programme.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/6734","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:3124680945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:fth:norgee:23/95","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/452036","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/452036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"R - Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:1308","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=1308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:11451","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11451","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:306850","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/306850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/306850","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:307241","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/307241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/307241","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:315036","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/315036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/315036","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:315938","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/315938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/315938","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:11451","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402451","display_name":"Graduate Institute Geneva Institutional Repository (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I951315","host_organization_name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I951315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/11451","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7257999777793884},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.44999998807907104},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2270106269","https://openalex.org/W2081040789","https://openalex.org/W2886478987","https://openalex.org/W1522131944","https://openalex.org/W1940749880","https://openalex.org/W2287412471","https://openalex.org/W1554564126","https://openalex.org/W3121719332","https://openalex.org/W7030709045","https://openalex.org/W2168699909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,103],"paper":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,11,34,37,47,58,75,89,93,97,121,124,136,156,170,173,182,192,221],"investment":[4,7,31,44,106,116,195],"creation":[5,45,107,196],"and":[6,43,84,108,175,209,224,237],"diversion":[8,32,117],"effects":[9,219],"of":[10,36,132,167,187,201,204,216,234],"EU's":[12,137],"Single":[13],"Market":[14],"programme":[15],"(EU92).":[16],"We":[17,50],"find":[18],"suggestive,":[19],"but":[20,229],"not":[21],"conclusive,":[22],"evidence":[23],"indicating":[24],"that":[25,52,115],"EU92":[26,79,151],"may":[27],"have":[28],"led":[29],"to":[30,74,105,145,154,185,198,214],"in":[33,46,96,143,232],"economies":[35],"European":[38],"Free":[39],"Trade":[40],"Association":[41],"(EFTA)":[42],"EU":[48,193],"economies.":[49],"argue":[51],"a":[53,133,202],"simple":[54],"mechanism,":[55],"based":[56],"on":[57,81,220],"derived":[59],"demand":[60],"for":[61,65,120,181],"capital":[62,87,127,159,207,235],"can":[63],"account":[64],"this.":[66],"Discriminatory":[67],"liberalization":[68,138],"shifts":[69],"production":[70,90],"from":[71,111],"excluded":[72],"countries":[73],"integrating":[76,98],"region.":[77],"Since":[78],"focused":[80],"tradable":[82],"sectors":[83],"these":[85],"are":[86,226],"intensive,":[88],"shifting":[91],"raises":[92],"rental":[94],"rate":[95],"regions,":[99],"lowering":[100],"it":[101],"elsewhere.":[102],"leads":[104],"diversion.":[109],"Results":[110],"our":[112],"simulations":[113],"show":[114],"does":[118],"occur":[119],"EFTA6":[122,125,158],"(namely,":[123],"steady-state":[126],"stock":[128],"drops":[129],"by":[130,162],"two-thirds":[131],"percent)":[134],"when":[135],"(EU92)":[139],"involves":[140],"market":[141],"integration":[142],"addition":[144],"real":[146,168,210,238],"trade":[147],"cost":[148],"reduction.":[149],"When":[150],"is":[152,178],"extended":[153],"include":[155],"EFTA6,":[157],"stocks":[160,236],"rise":[161],"almost":[163],"5%.":[164],"In":[165,189],"terms":[166,233],"income,":[169],"difference":[171],"between":[172],"EFTA6-included":[174],"EFTA6-excluded":[176],"cases":[177],"quite":[179],"large":[180],"EFTAns":[183],"amounting":[184],"5.5%":[186],"GDP.":[188],"all":[190],"cases,":[191],"experiences":[194],"(equal":[197,213],"approximately":[199],"one-fifth":[200],"percent":[203],"their":[205],"initial":[206],"stock)":[208],"income":[211],"gains":[212],"1.75%":[215],"GDP).":[217],"The":[218],"United":[222],"States":[223],"Japan":[225],"trivially":[227],"small,":[228],"mostly":[230],"negative":[231],"income.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}