{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124675609","doi":null,"title":"Accountability in public services: exit, voice and capture","display_name":"Accountability in public services: exit, voice and capture","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124675609","mag":"3124675609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:614","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1991/03/01/000009265_3961001013342/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1991/03/01/000009265_3961001013342/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103759915","display_name":"Samuel Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5273-8546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5273-8546"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5273-8546","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103759915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.6942999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.6942999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12687","display_name":"Public Administration in Developing Nations","score":0.2378000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11461","display_name":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","score":0.01600000075995922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-service-accountability","display_name":"public service accountability","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-control","display_name":"hierarchical control","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-service-providers","display_name":"public service providers","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-failure","display_name":"market failure","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability-mechanisms","display_name":"accountability mechanisms","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-financing","display_name":"infrastructure financing","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-participation","display_name":"citizen participation","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.8543000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.663260281085968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.597478985786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5570347905158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161837","display_name":"Public service","level":2,"score":0.49410179257392883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49283361434936523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.4186980724334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.4115639328956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.37184274196624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.35477662086486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27960312366485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.2003265619277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13191750645637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:614","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1991/03/01/000009265_3961001013342/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1991/03/01/000009265_3961001013342/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3124675609","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049116042","https://openalex.org/W868364104","https://openalex.org/W1555796460","https://openalex.org/W2297851456","https://openalex.org/W3121404492","https://openalex.org/W1905128041","https://openalex.org/W2526402703","https://openalex.org/W3127845849","https://openalex.org/W2415027446","https://openalex.org/W4241349211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,109],"develops":[2],"a":[3],"conceptual":[4],"framework":[5,31,105],"to":[6,18,22,66,82,86,134],"analyze":[7],"the":[8,50,64,91,108,114,121,131,135,141,162,168],"problem":[9],"of":[10,58,70,79,93,116,143,164],"public":[11,35,44,94,122,136,145],"service":[12,45],"accountability":[13,36,72],"in":[14,74,107,112,140,157,170],"developing":[15,75],"countries":[16,76],"and":[17,53,85,101,118,129,149,154],"identify":[19],"alternative":[20,56],"ways":[21],"strengthen":[23],"it.":[24],"An":[25],"important":[26],"proposition":[27],"derived":[28],"from":[29,137],"this":[30],"is":[32,47],"that":[33,89,111],"effective":[34,71],"can":[37],"be":[38,78,159],"sustained":[39],"only":[40],"when":[41],"government's\"hierarchical":[42],"control\"over":[43],"providers":[46,65],"reinforced":[48],"by":[49,120,161],"public's":[51],"willingness":[52],"ability":[54],"to\"exit\"(find":[55],"sources":[57],"supply)":[59],"or":[60],"to\"voice\"(exert":[61],"pressure":[62],"on":[63,125,130],"perform).":[67],"The":[68,103,147],"design":[69],"systems":[73],"should":[77],"interest":[80],"both":[81],"their":[83,126,138],"governments":[84],"international":[87],"agencies":[88],"finance":[90],"infrastructure":[92],"services":[95,169],"(e.g.,":[96],"transport,":[97],"water,":[98],"electricity,":[99],"health":[100],"education).":[102],"theoretical":[104],"presented":[106],"shows":[110],"general,":[113],"use":[115,139],"exit":[117,153],"voice":[119,155],"will":[123,156],"depend":[124],"relative":[127],"costs":[128,148],"expected":[132],"returns":[133,150],"context":[142],"specific":[144],"services.":[146],"associated":[151],"with":[152],"turn":[158],"influenced":[160],"degree":[163],"market":[165],"failure":[166],"underlying":[167],"question.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}