{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124650869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3335781","title":"The Carbon Footprint of Bitcoin","display_name":"The Carbon Footprint of Bitcoin","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124650869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3335781","mag":"3124650869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3335781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3335781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3335781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3335781","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063123842","display_name":"Christian Stoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5169-029X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5169-029X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Stoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEPR), One Amherst Street, E40-279, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States","Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEPR)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEPR), One Amherst Street, E40-279, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) - Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097655937","display_name":"Lena KlaaBen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lena KlaaBen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM) - TUM School of Management, Freising, Germany","Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM) - TUM School of Management"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM) - TUM School of Management, Freising, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM) - TUM School of Management","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ulrich Gallersdörfer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich Gallersdörfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM) - TUM Software Engineering for Business Information Systems"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM) - TUM Software Engineering for Business Information Systems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063123842"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.04960000142455101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitcoin","display_name":"Bitcoin","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint","display_name":"carbon footprint","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-consumption","display_name":"electricity consumption","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain-mining","display_name":"blockchain mining","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emissions","display_name":"CO2 emissions","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-pools","display_name":"mining pools","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ip-geolocation","display_name":"IP geolocation","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-impact-of-cryptocurrencies","display_name":"environmental impact of cryptocurrencies","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain-regulation","display_name":"blockchain regulation","score":0.7519999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780936489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310667","display_name":"Carbon footprint","level":3,"score":0.8504651188850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.6752047538757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.41899290680885315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4090474247932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.33714812994003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2558355927467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24464064836502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23611536622047424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.1271337866783142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.11629253625869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.09715110063552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3335781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3335781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3335781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.3335781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3335781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3335781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.5690000057220459,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121731448","https://openalex.org/W3042752836","https://openalex.org/W6903876656","https://openalex.org/W4387247631","https://openalex.org/W4415504593","https://openalex.org/W4312375364","https://openalex.org/W3131218603","https://openalex.org/W4319003294","https://openalex.org/W4367055495","https://openalex.org/W4214545884"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}