{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124625166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","title":"RECON: Resource-Efficient CORDIC-Based Neuron Architecture","display_name":"RECON: Resource-Efficient CORDIC-Based Neuron Architecture","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124625166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","mag":"3124625166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8784029/9314963/09335308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192473","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2644-1225","issn":["2644-1225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8784029/9314963/09335308.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028707436","display_name":"Gopal Raut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-9457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-9457"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopal Raut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","Department of Electrical Engneering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-9457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engneering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075349265","display_name":"Shubham Rai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6522-5628","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6522-5628"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266956","display_name":"Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/00g3vrr12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266956","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shubham Rai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Processor Design, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6522-5628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Processor Design, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266956","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068792760","display_name":"Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-0077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-0077"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","Department of Electrical Engneering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-0077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engneering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755285","display_name":"Akash S. Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-1737","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-1737"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405266956","display_name":"Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/00g3vrr12","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405266956","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akash Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair for Processor Design, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7125-1737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair for Processor Design, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405266956","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":2.4235,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89540633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"170","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.8779000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.8779000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.0414000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.027499999850988388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cordic","display_name":"CORDIC","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiply-accumulate","display_name":"multiply-accumulate operations","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-activation-functions","display_name":"nonlinear activation functions","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-efficient-hardware","display_name":"resource-efficient hardware","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-hardware","display_name":"neural network hardware","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/45-nm-cmos","display_name":"45 nm CMOS","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-variation","display_name":"process variation","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/device-mismatch","display_name":"device mismatch","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-point-arithmetic","display_name":"fixed-point arithmetic","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58870171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116076","display_name":"CORDIC","level":3,"score":0.8599824905395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7312490940093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178009071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93344","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","level":2,"score":0.47571927309036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4667627513408661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.45977744460105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.45836836099624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.4431852400302887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.39207586646080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3845827877521515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3358050584793091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3299306035041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25841790437698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16661277413368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10059970617294312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8784029/9314963/09335308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192473","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2644-1225","issn":["2644-1225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:36ab3e3978ca419490598ca4cc4b0653","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/36ab3e3978ca419490598ca4cc4b0653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems, Vol 2, Pp 170-181 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcas.2020.3042743","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8784029/9314963/09335308.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192473","display_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","issn_l":"2644-1225","issn":["2644-1225"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310119","display_name":"Ministry of Communication and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05nmnwa45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320767","display_name":"University Grants Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04p800546"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321071","display_name":"Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02z31cn83"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338370","display_name":"FP7 Information and Communication Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124625166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124625166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W570991243","https://openalex.org/W1511869281","https://openalex.org/W1605005685","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1893008450","https://openalex.org/W1950611080","https://openalex.org/W1977850862","https://openalex.org/W1978915597","https://openalex.org/W1999798000","https://openalex.org/W2000956074","https://openalex.org/W2016889342","https://openalex.org/W2028032470","https://openalex.org/W2040681925","https://openalex.org/W2067998333","https://openalex.org/W2071933217","https://openalex.org/W2083923529","https://openalex.org/W2084689094","https://openalex.org/W2150633168","https://openalex.org/W2151151478","https://openalex.org/W2157348988","https://openalex.org/W2159307558","https://openalex.org/W2299244345","https://openalex.org/W2541098818","https://openalex.org/W2565125333","https://openalex.org/W2591922920","https://openalex.org/W2593971914","https://openalex.org/W2613938013","https://openalex.org/W2622872848","https://openalex.org/W2773033565","https://openalex.org/W2782919721","https://openalex.org/W2795500575","https://openalex.org/W2797388134","https://openalex.org/W2885228218","https://openalex.org/W2912399955","https://openalex.org/W2916570820","https://openalex.org/W2942493598","https://openalex.org/W2950967672","https://openalex.org/W2967632137","https://openalex.org/W2972588912","https://openalex.org/W2985727781","https://openalex.org/W3006164334","https://openalex.org/W3143105131","https://openalex.org/W6762549674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366132732","https://openalex.org/W7220933170","https://openalex.org/W3047364742","https://openalex.org/W2967632137","https://openalex.org/W4205868835","https://openalex.org/W4379115821","https://openalex.org/W4390337110","https://openalex.org/W1539220244","https://openalex.org/W1801804110","https://openalex.org/W4415964184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contemporary":[0],"hardware":[1],"implementations":[2],"of":[3,10,91,151,153,176],"artificial":[4],"neural":[5],"networks":[6],"face":[7],"the":[8,92,127,142,146,177],"burden":[9],"excess":[11],"area":[12],"requirement":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,47,66,126,148],"resource-intensive":[16],"elements":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"multiplier":[20],"and":[21,52,63,69,78,105,109,120,136,145],"non-linear":[22,53],"activation":[23,54],"functions.":[24],"The":[25,58,73,159],"present":[26],"work":[27],"addresses":[28],"this":[29],"challenge":[30],"by":[31,112],"proposing":[32],"a":[33],"resource-efficient":[34],"Co-ordinate":[35],"Rotation":[36],"Digital":[37],"Computer":[38],"(CORDIC)-based":[39],"neuron":[40],"architecture":[41,60],"(RECON)":[42],"which":[43,173],"can":[44],"be":[45],"configured":[46],"compute":[48],"both":[49,141],"multiply-accumulate":[50],"(MAC)":[51],"function":[55],"(AF)":[56],"operations.":[57],"CORDIC-based":[59],"uses":[61],"linear":[62],"trigonometric":[64],"relationships":[65],"realize":[67],"MAC":[68,96,129],"AF":[70],"operations":[71],"respectively.":[72],"proposed":[74,143],"design":[75,165],"is":[76,170,174],"synthesized":[77],"verified":[79],"at":[80],"45nm":[81],"technology":[82],"using":[83,97],"Cadence":[84],"Virtuoso":[85],"for":[86,134,140,163],"all":[87],"physical":[88],"parameters.":[89],"Implementation":[90],"signed":[93],"fixed-point":[94],"8-bit":[95],"our":[98,164],"design,":[99],"shows":[100,110,166],"60%":[101],"less":[102],"area,":[103,115],"latency,":[104],"power":[106,118,157,161],"product":[107],"(ALP)":[108],"improvement":[111],"38%":[113],"in":[114,117,122,155],"27%":[116],"dissipation,":[119],"15%":[121],"latency":[123],"with":[124],"respect":[125],"state-of-the-art":[128,147],"design.":[130],"Further,":[131],"Monte-Carlo":[132],"simulations":[133],"process-variations":[135],"device-mismatch":[137],"are":[138],"performed":[139],"model":[144],"evaluate":[149],"expectations":[150],"functions":[152],"randomness":[154],"dynamic":[156,160],"variation.":[158],"variation":[162],"that":[167],"worst-case":[168],"mean":[169],"$189.73\\mu":[171],"W$":[172],"63%":[175],"state-of-the-art.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}