{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124624806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.125.499.519","title":"Westerton: a Roman watchtower on the Gask frontier","display_name":"Westerton: a Roman watchtower on the Gask frontier","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124624806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.125.499.519","mag":"3124624806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9750/psas.125.499.519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.125.499.519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.125.499.519","pdf_url":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/psas/article/download/9895/9862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182609","display_name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","issn_l":"0081-1564","issn":["0081-1564","2056-743X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311686","host_organization_name":"Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311686"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Antiquaries of Scotland"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/psas/article/download/9895/9862","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113704069","display_name":"William S. Hanson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William S Hanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097682359","display_name":"J G P Friell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338293689","display_name":"English Heritage","ror":"https://ror.org/015j35893","country_code":"GB","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1338293689"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J G P Friell","raw_affiliation_strings":["English Heritage, 23 Savile Row, London W1X 1AB"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"English Heritage, 23 Savile Row, London W1X 1AB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1338293689"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.509,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98613175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"125","issue":null,"first_page":"499","last_page":"519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13621","display_name":"Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies","score":0.4943999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13621","display_name":"Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies","score":0.4943999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10165","display_name":"Classical Antiquity Studies","score":0.39329999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13068","display_name":"Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History","score":0.03779999911785126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roman-frontier-fortifications","display_name":"Roman frontier fortifications","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortarium","display_name":"mortarium","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavian-period","display_name":"Flavian period","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roman-military-architecture","display_name":"Roman military architecture","score":0.4090000092983246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.781110405921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.1530558466911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.11813727021217346}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9750/psas.125.499.519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.125.499.519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.125.499.519","pdf_url":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/psas/article/download/9895/9862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182609","display_name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","issn_l":"0081-1564","issn":["0081-1564","2056-743X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311686","host_organization_name":"Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311686"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Antiquaries of Scotland"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9750/psas.125.499.519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.125.499.519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.9750/psas.125.499.519","pdf_url":"http://journals.socantscot.org/index.php/psas/article/download/9895/9862","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210182609","display_name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","issn_l":"0081-1564","issn":["0081-1564","2056-743X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311686","host_organization_name":"Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311686"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Antiquaries of Scotland"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124624806.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3124624806.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W375144277","https://openalex.org/W383199859","https://openalex.org/W636170744","https://openalex.org/W2018304521","https://openalex.org/W2032465867","https://openalex.org/W2047721592","https://openalex.org/W2069382260","https://openalex.org/W2096984866","https://openalex.org/W2108850132","https://openalex.org/W2140528686","https://openalex.org/W2157809393","https://openalex.org/W2182325315","https://openalex.org/W2316667021","https://openalex.org/W2316973959","https://openalex.org/W2318449350","https://openalex.org/W2323758739","https://openalex.org/W2330936112","https://openalex.org/W2335255623","https://openalex.org/W2522196170","https://openalex.org/W2755497753","https://openalex.org/W2798649940","https://openalex.org/W2800831290","https://openalex.org/W3128533591","https://openalex.org/W3145987161","https://openalex.org/W4243430978","https://openalex.org/W6643529017","https://openalex.org/W6835632795","https://openalex.org/W7006526300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366961439","https://openalex.org/W4366961587","https://openalex.org/W8497555","https://openalex.org/W2182325315","https://openalex.org/W6931678854","https://openalex.org/W2183635068","https://openalex.org/W4366961508","https://openalex.org/W571743960","https://openalex.org/W6969122334","https://openalex.org/W4206477421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"excavation":[1],"of":[2,57,72,99],"the":[3,32,39,52,62,73,77,95],"Roman":[4,53],"timber":[5],"watchtower":[6],"at":[7,31],"Westerton":[8],"was":[9,21,29],"undertaken":[10],"to":[11,38,88],"obtain":[12],"dating":[13],"evidence":[14],"and":[15,28,104],"a":[16,42,69],"complete":[17],"plan.The":[18],"four-post":[19],"tower":[20,78,83],"more":[22],"elongated":[23],"in":[24,47,51,86,106],"plan":[25],"than":[26],"anticipated":[27],"provided":[30],"front":[33],"with":[34,68],"steps":[35],"giving":[36],"access":[37],"first-floor":[40],"level,":[41],"feature":[43],"not":[44],"readily":[45],"paralleled":[46],"excavated":[48],"towers":[49],"anywhere":[50],"Empire.The":[54],"one":[55],"fragment":[56],"probable":[58],"mortarium":[59],"recovered":[60],"from":[61],"single":[63],"enclosing":[64],"ditch":[65],"is":[66,84,102],"commensurate":[67],"Flavian":[70],"date.Disturbance":[71],"post-holes":[74],"indicated":[75],"that":[76],"had":[79],"been":[80],"deliberately":[81],"demolished.The":[82],"considered":[85],"relation":[87],"other":[89],"adjacent":[90],"examples":[91],"which":[92],"make":[93],"up":[94],"Gask":[96],"frontier.The":[97],"function":[98],"this":[100],"system":[101],"discussed":[103],"placed":[105],"its":[107],"broader":[108],"historical":[109],"context.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}