{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3124205772","doi":null,"title":"Belief in a Just World, Blaming the Victim, and Hate Crime Statutes","display_name":"Belief in a Just World, Blaming the Victim, and Hate Crime Statutes","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3124205772","mag":"3124205772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1022.8000","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1022.8000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1080%26context%3Dlaw_and_economics","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1287844_code249436.pdf?abstractid=899416&mirid=1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042181547","display_name":"Dhammika Dharmapala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-0565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-0565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhammika Dharmapala","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago - Law School"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-0565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago - Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051034247","display_name":"Nuno M. Garoupa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6792-0918","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6792-0918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25169866","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa","ror":"https://ror.org/03b9snr86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25169866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131387","display_name":"Texas A&M University School of Law","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv6f983","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131387","https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256656","display_name":"Cat\u00f3lica Global School of Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04dg1fw36","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25169866","https://openalex.org/I4405256656"]}],"countries":["PT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuno Garoupa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University School of Law; Catholic University of Portugal (UCP) - Cat\u00f3lica Global School of Law"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6792-0918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University School of Law; Catholic University of Portugal (UCP) - Cat\u00f3lica Global School of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25169866","https://openalex.org/I4210131387","https://openalex.org/I4405256656"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063609647","display_name":"Richard H. McAdams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard H. McAdams","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago - Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago - Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.9735,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99524264,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.27730000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.27730000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.20059999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.1542000025510788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-in-a-just-world","display_name":"belief in a just world","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victim-blaming","display_name":"victim blaming","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victimization","display_name":"victimization","score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-law","display_name":"criminal law","score":0.3370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7246086597442627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5248910188674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37544881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1511079","display_name":"Just-world hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.5142240524291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17319257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21189184","display_name":"Statute","level":2,"score":0.48733457922935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.48242005705833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4601718783378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23979983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165103","display_name":"Virtuous circle and vicious circle","level":2,"score":0.4168172776699066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.41068264842033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.393924742937088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.31776732206344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.16050425171852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1022.8000","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1022.8000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1080%26context%3Dlaw_and_economics","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1030.5128","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1030.5128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1040%26context%3Dpublic_law_and_legal_theory","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:law_and_economics-1080","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/law_and_economics/81","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Coase-Sandor Working Paper Series in Law and Economics","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:public_law_and_legal_theory-1040","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/public_law_and_legal_theory/41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3124205772","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1287844_code249436.pdf?abstractid=899416&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3124205772","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1287844_code249436.pdf?abstractid=899416&mirid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176643228","https://openalex.org/W644383406","https://openalex.org/W778321931","https://openalex.org/W793395460","https://openalex.org/W1480935319","https://openalex.org/W1488086057","https://openalex.org/W1494660969","https://openalex.org/W1500771274","https://openalex.org/W1502572934","https://openalex.org/W1509981211","https://openalex.org/W1515236791","https://openalex.org/W1515796488","https://openalex.org/W1519509046","https://openalex.org/W1522306070","https://openalex.org/W1544373207","https://openalex.org/W1547107897","https://openalex.org/W1553657322","https://openalex.org/W1553697891","https://openalex.org/W1558884294","https://openalex.org/W1571858954","https://openalex.org/W1573119071","https://openalex.org/W1581484356","https://openalex.org/W1591518419","https://openalex.org/W1593586056","https://openalex.org/W1599203202","https://openalex.org/W1608621987","https://openalex.org/W1625131796","https://openalex.org/W1806606320","https://openalex.org/W1836159856","https://openalex.org/W1846930776","https://openalex.org/W1856883914","https://openalex.org/W1863519840","https://openalex.org/W1930162554","https://openalex.org/W1935870283","https://openalex.org/W1937985552","https://openalex.org/W1947339496","https://openalex.org/W1968779337","https://openalex.org/W2017665433","https://openalex.org/W2030734959","https://openalex.org/W2046602826","https://openalex.org/W2104049309","https://openalex.org/W2112336757","https://openalex.org/W2117697815","https://openalex.org/W2126444059","https://openalex.org/W2135859469","https://openalex.org/W2136856335","https://openalex.org/W2140967287","https://openalex.org/W2149393040","https://openalex.org/W2157280206","https://openalex.org/W2157517943","https://openalex.org/W2158640049","https://openalex.org/W2291894776","https://openalex.org/W2547387600","https://openalex.org/W3121528859","https://openalex.org/W3123597873","https://openalex.org/W3123716201","https://openalex.org/W3123914061","https://openalex.org/W3123985438","https://openalex.org/W3124798680","https://openalex.org/W3125151227","https://openalex.org/W3125797110","https://openalex.org/W3126031812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099008412","https://openalex.org/W7095541049","https://openalex.org/W6885052365","https://openalex.org/W2137329405","https://openalex.org/W588836648","https://openalex.org/W2289280897","https://openalex.org/W7112875505","https://openalex.org/W7019036540","https://openalex.org/W7097980427","https://openalex.org/W2771084977"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Part":[0],"of":[1,47],"the":[2,18],"Law":[3,22,40],"Commons":[4],"This":[5],"Working":[6,36],"Paper":[7,37],"is":[8],"brought":[9],"to":[10],"you":[11],"for":[12,21,32],"free":[13],"and":[14,23,41],"open":[15],"access":[16],"by":[17,43],"Coase-Sandor":[19,35],"Institute":[20],"Economics":[24,42],"at":[25],"Chicago":[26,48],"Unbound.":[27,49],"It":[28],"has":[29],"been":[30],"accepted":[31],"inclusion":[33],"in":[34,39],"Series":[38],"an":[44],"authorized":[45],"administrator":[46],"For":[50],"more":[51],"information,":[52],"please":[53],"contact":[54]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}