{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123540319","doi":null,"title":"Knowledge Arbitrage, Serendipity, and Knowledge Formality: Their Effects on Sustainable Entrepreneurial Activity in Regions","display_name":"Knowledge Arbitrage, Serendipity, and Knowledge Formality: Their Effects on Sustainable Entrepreneurial Activity in Regions","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123540319","mag":"3123540319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3123540319","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1756801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1756801","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081877111","display_name":"Elias George Carayannis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-4311","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-4311"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias G. Carayannis","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Washington University - School of Business"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-4311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Washington University - School of Business","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003325412","display_name":"Mike Provance","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Provance","raw_affiliation_strings":["Growth Kinetics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Growth Kinetics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074482615","display_name":"Nathaniel Givens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel Givens","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan. Stephen M. Ross School of Business"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan. Stephen M. Ross School of Business","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serendipity","display_name":"serendipity","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-formalization","display_name":"knowledge formalization","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-start-up","display_name":"startups","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-entrepreneurship","display_name":"sustainable entrepreneurship","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-entrepreneurship","display_name":"regional entrepreneurship","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-spillovers","display_name":"knowledge spillovers","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-acquisition","display_name":"knowledge acquisition","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-networks","display_name":"knowledge networks","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-venture-survival","display_name":"new venture survival","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agent-based-modeling","display_name":"agent-based modeling","score":0.6710000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166039","display_name":"Serendipity","level":2,"score":0.8191635608673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777159308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757948","display_name":"Formality","level":2,"score":0.6791942715644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6365987062454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.6099603176116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776936074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423399","display_name":"Knowledge spillover","level":2,"score":0.5748544335365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5696443319320679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.5553398728370667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5193066000938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776601338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17152789","display_name":"New Ventures","level":3,"score":0.5013389587402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160623529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273088","display_name":"Arbitrage","level":2,"score":0.43285268545150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.37476903200149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.3329148292541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3248535990715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1304176151752472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09648820757865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09471404552459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3123540319","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1756801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3123540319","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1756801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19742917","https://openalex.org/W83397471","https://openalex.org/W1525933707","https://openalex.org/W1591418979","https://openalex.org/W1605869280","https://openalex.org/W1695610620","https://openalex.org/W1956620396","https://openalex.org/W1980412754","https://openalex.org/W1986904066","https://openalex.org/W1999216122","https://openalex.org/W2003934805","https://openalex.org/W2007287880","https://openalex.org/W2025844964","https://openalex.org/W2035783887","https://openalex.org/W2038790402","https://openalex.org/W2083881740","https://openalex.org/W2087526386","https://openalex.org/W2093535229","https://openalex.org/W2105797741","https://openalex.org/W2106078692","https://openalex.org/W2106104958","https://openalex.org/W2118493679","https://openalex.org/W2119652992","https://openalex.org/W2121705145","https://openalex.org/W2122613799","https://openalex.org/W2129683067","https://openalex.org/W2134988832","https://openalex.org/W2141116345","https://openalex.org/W2143585157","https://openalex.org/W2153310220","https://openalex.org/W2170846062","https://openalex.org/W2240963366","https://openalex.org/W2477882971","https://openalex.org/W2499510147","https://openalex.org/W2506618771","https://openalex.org/W2889011686","https://openalex.org/W3121143903","https://openalex.org/W3121846432","https://openalex.org/W3125646472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170833954","https://openalex.org/W2286398120","https://openalex.org/W37296865","https://openalex.org/W1805058634","https://openalex.org/W1986454182","https://openalex.org/W2259905933","https://openalex.org/W2766129225","https://openalex.org/W4283835406","https://openalex.org/W2973141385","https://openalex.org/W2065437483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"explore":[1],"heterogeneity":[2],"in":[3,33,91,108,136],"the":[4,26,101,137,144,189],"formation":[5,75,89,107,122],"of":[6,28,36,42,55,60,68,104,121,139,192],"new":[7,37,43,73,105,168],"ventures":[8,112],"within":[9],"regions":[10,194],"using":[11],"agent-based":[12],"simulation":[13],"methodology.":[14],"The":[15],"study":[16],"draws":[17],"on":[18,53,153,167],"entrepreneurial":[19,190],"knowledge":[20,29,57,69,81,84,96,129,149],"and":[21,31,71,77,83,98,131,176,181],"action":[22],"literature":[23],"to":[24,117,174,179,187],"examine":[25],"roles":[27],"acquisition":[30,82,97,130],"transformation":[32],"regional":[34,56],"sustainability":[35],"venture":[38,44,74,106,169],"formation.":[39],"A":[40],"model":[41],"growth":[45,172],"pitted":[46],"against":[47],"incumbent":[48],"firm":[49],"innovation":[50],"is":[51],"tested":[52],"configurations":[54],"landscapes.":[58],"Results":[59],"this":[61],"analysis":[62],"suggest":[63,171],"that":[64],"competing":[65],"entrepreneurship":[66],"perspectives":[67,166],"spillover":[70],"network-based":[72],"coexist":[76],"even":[78],"interact.":[79],"Formal":[80,128],"arbitrage":[85,132],"are":[86],"more":[87],"effective":[88],"mechanisms":[90],"knowledge-scarce":[92],"regions,":[93,140],"while":[94],"informal":[95],"serendipity":[99],"produce":[100],"highest":[102],"levels":[103],"knowledge-rich":[109],"regions.":[110],"New":[111],"with":[113,125],"smaller":[114],"networks":[115],"tend":[116],"exhibit":[118],"higher":[119],"likelihood":[120],"than":[123],"those":[124],"larger":[126],"networks.":[127],"improve":[133],"survival":[134],"early":[135],"evolution":[138],"but":[141],"also":[142],"create":[143],"basis":[145],"for":[146,161],"informal,":[147],"serendipitous":[148],"appropriation\u201fs":[150],"superior":[151],"influence":[152],"sustainable":[154],"entrepreneurship.":[155],"These":[156],"results":[157],"provide":[158],"a":[159],"platform":[160],"future":[162],"research":[163],"regarding":[164],"theoretical":[165],"formation,":[170],"strategies":[173],"entrepreneurs,":[175],"offer":[177],"guidance":[178],"policymakers":[180],"economic":[182],"development":[183],"professionals":[184],"who":[185],"strive":[186],"increase":[188],"activity":[191],"their":[193],"or":[195],"countries.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
