{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122963809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922316","title":"Runner-Up Patents: Is Monopoly Inevitable?","display_name":"Runner-Up Patents: Is Monopoly Inevitable?","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122963809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922316","mag":"3122963809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.922316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922316","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024560394","display_name":"Emeric Henry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-084X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-084X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61544103","display_name":"London Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/001c2sn75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I61544103"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emeric Henry","raw_affiliation_strings":["London Business School, Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, London NW1 4SA, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London Business School, Sussex Place, Regent's Park, London, London NW1 4SA, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61544103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024560394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61544103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monopoly","display_name":"monopoly","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-incentives","display_name":"research incentives","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-market-competition","display_name":"product market competition","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deadweight-loss","display_name":"deadweight loss","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-policy","display_name":"patent policy","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-term-length","display_name":"patent term length","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-breadth","display_name":"patent breadth","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-incentives","display_name":"innovation incentives","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.8034521341323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.696452260017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6264257431030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5766339302062988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180456769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750207","display_name":"Duopoly","level":3,"score":0.5627663135528564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5491594672203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5297706127166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.48129430413246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.45035985112190247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.42107611894607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3676750659942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3204687535762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.2704222798347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0817531943321228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.922316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ner:sciepo:info:hdl:2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i/resources/runner-up-patents.pdf","pdf_url":"http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i/resources/runner-up-patents.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i/resources/runner-up-patents.pdf","pdf_url":"http://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i/resources/runner-up-patents.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i/resources/runner-up-patents.pdf","pdf_url":"https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i/resources/runner-up-patents.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3122963809","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/haljournl/hal-01023778.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03607656v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-03607656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2022","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-01023778","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-01023778/document","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hal:wpspec:hal-01023778","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01023778/document","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spire.sciencespo.fr:2441/10102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/10102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400285","display_name":"SPIRE (Sciences Po)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205092303","host_organization_name":"Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205092303"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spire.sciencespo.fr:2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://spire.sciencespo.fr/hdl:/2441/c8dmi8nm4pdjkuc9g8gjo2i2i","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400285","display_name":"SPIRE (Sciences Po)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205092303","host_organization_name":"Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205092303"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Scandinavian journal of economics, 112(2), 417-441 (2010)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.922316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6773999929428101,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524026248","https://openalex.org/W1560174547","https://openalex.org/W1571858404","https://openalex.org/W1588222876","https://openalex.org/W1920254569","https://openalex.org/W1974550855","https://openalex.org/W1990575313","https://openalex.org/W2003445166","https://openalex.org/W2010628486","https://openalex.org/W2043523797","https://openalex.org/W2043634452","https://openalex.org/W2043995361","https://openalex.org/W2058304041","https://openalex.org/W2058668201","https://openalex.org/W2065375156","https://openalex.org/W2104115831","https://openalex.org/W2115016712","https://openalex.org/W2120365206","https://openalex.org/W2152512216","https://openalex.org/W2164160548","https://openalex.org/W3124431478","https://openalex.org/W3125128532","https://openalex.org/W3125948817","https://openalex.org/W4252580513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575591465","https://openalex.org/W832933918","https://openalex.org/W1582441627","https://openalex.org/W4241450906","https://openalex.org/W2527257486","https://openalex.org/W3123993939","https://openalex.org/W3121703952","https://openalex.org/W2069711425","https://openalex.org/W4312191304","https://openalex.org/W3124842087"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
