{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122872201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2009.00352.x","title":"Implicit Employment Contracts: The Limits of Management Reputation for Promoting Firm Productivity","display_name":"Implicit Employment Contracts: The Limits of Management Reputation for Promoting Firm Productivity","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122872201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2009.00352.x","mag":"3122872201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1475-679x.2009.00352.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2009.00352.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2009.00352.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111116695","display_name":"Journal of Accounting Research","issn_l":"0021-8456","issn":["0021-8456","1475-679X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Accounting Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1003692","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059515727","display_name":"Jeffrey Hales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3229-5734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3229-5734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JEFFREY HALES","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002200301","display_name":"Michael G. Williamson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6884-626X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6884-626X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL G. WILLIAMSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4420,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4420},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6716,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9729541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1","first_page":"51","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10797","display_name":"Accounting and Organizational Management","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-productivity","display_name":"firm productivity","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-effort","display_name":"managerial effort","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-compensation","display_name":"executive compensation","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-management","display_name":"trust in management","score":0.6869999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.8002035021781921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7928187847137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6940453052520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6471142768859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6133190989494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5676506161689758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5557997226715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.5144922733306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172123218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627293","display_name":"Compensation of employees","level":3,"score":0.48191383481025696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4421970546245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78173224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853178","display_name":"Theory of the firm","level":2,"score":0.4169677495956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.414883553981781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151392489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419946","display_name":"Executive compensation","level":3,"score":0.41322392225265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.409187376499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40304726362228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1475-679x.2009.00352.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2009.00352.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2009.00352.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111116695","display_name":"Journal of Accounting Research","issn_l":"0021-8456","issn":["0021-8456","1475-679X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Accounting Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1003692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1003692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1003692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1003692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1003692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1003692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.833299994468689}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78840727","https://openalex.org/W275885060","https://openalex.org/W1517290594","https://openalex.org/W1552120725","https://openalex.org/W1571720745","https://openalex.org/W1593924347","https://openalex.org/W1596533553","https://openalex.org/W1626837244","https://openalex.org/W1984494805","https://openalex.org/W1997680043","https://openalex.org/W2012639438","https://openalex.org/W2045633722","https://openalex.org/W2057057425","https://openalex.org/W2087991264","https://openalex.org/W2094104200","https://openalex.org/W2100056252","https://openalex.org/W2119088634","https://openalex.org/W2123850572","https://openalex.org/W2126788152","https://openalex.org/W2132412154","https://openalex.org/W2133469585","https://openalex.org/W2144203601","https://openalex.org/W2149961401","https://openalex.org/W2152159301","https://openalex.org/W2157592153","https://openalex.org/W2158672897","https://openalex.org/W2158756723","https://openalex.org/W2162842809","https://openalex.org/W2166621224","https://openalex.org/W2243769298","https://openalex.org/W2282756823","https://openalex.org/W2324392187","https://openalex.org/W2745547123","https://openalex.org/W2890473091","https://openalex.org/W3011865677","https://openalex.org/W3121950679","https://openalex.org/W3123464746","https://openalex.org/W3123711457","https://openalex.org/W3125077241","https://openalex.org/W3125353710","https://openalex.org/W3135490280","https://openalex.org/W4231007212","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366105309","https://openalex.org/W2041753278","https://openalex.org/W6997094260","https://openalex.org/W2127821802","https://openalex.org/W2356594717","https://openalex.org/W2133874752","https://openalex.org/W2336079598","https://openalex.org/W2895816412","https://openalex.org/W2100487651","https://openalex.org/W1973544632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Implicit":[1],"employment":[2],"contracts":[3],"are":[4,150],"a":[5],"common":[6],"way":[7],"to":[8,19,35,59,94,114,133,141,165],"motivate":[9],"firm":[10,25,41,86,116,123],"productivity":[11,87,117],"but":[12,125],"also":[13],"require":[14],"that":[15,79,110],"employees":[16,28],"trust":[17],"management":[18],"be":[20],"fair":[21],"when":[22,54,88,127],"allocating":[23],"postproduction":[24],"resources":[26],"between":[27],"and":[29,50,74,118,148],"owners.":[30],"We":[31],"use":[32],"an":[33,57],"experiment":[34],"study":[36],"the":[37,61,67,97,134],"problem":[38],"of":[39,47,66],"motivating":[40],"productivity,":[42],"which":[43],"depends":[44],"on":[45,70],"levels":[46],"owner":[48,98,166],"investment":[49],"employee":[51],"productive":[52],"effort,":[53],"managers":[55],"have":[56],"incentive":[58],"favor":[60],"owner's":[62,135],"interests":[63],"over":[64],"those":[65],"employee.":[68],"Drawing":[69],"research":[71],"in":[72,161],"psychology":[73],"behavioral":[75],"economics,":[76],"we":[77,108],"argue":[78],"reputation":[80,111],"concerns":[81,112],"can":[82,154],"more":[83],"effectively":[84],"promote":[85],"manager":[89,128],"compensation":[90,159],"is":[91,99,130],"relatively":[92,131],"insensitive":[93,132,164],"how":[95],"much":[96],"allocated":[100],"after":[101],"production":[102],"occurs.":[103],"Consistent":[104],"with":[105],"our":[106,146],"predictions,":[107],"find":[109],"lead":[113],"greater":[115],"higher":[119],"payoffs":[120],"for":[121],"all":[122],"members,":[124],"only":[126],"pay":[129],"ex":[136],"post":[137],"allocation.":[138],"In":[139],"addition":[140],"offering":[142],"testable":[143],"empirical":[144],"implications,":[145],"theory":[147],"results":[149],"important":[151],"because":[152],"they":[153],"help":[155],"explain":[156],"why":[157],"executive":[158],"is,":[160],"practice,":[162],"surprisingly":[163],"returns.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
