{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122870534","doi":null,"title":"Public R&D Investment and Cost Structure in Italian Agriculture 1960-1995","display_name":"Public R&D Investment and Cost Structure in Italian Agriculture 1960-1995","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122870534","mag":"3122870534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:anc:wpaper:176","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://docs.dises.univpm.it/web/quaderni/pdf/176.pdf","pdf_url":"http://docs.dises.univpm.it/web/quaderni/pdf/176.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000412347","display_name":"Roberto Esposti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1656-0331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1656-0331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Esposti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1656-0331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111507789","display_name":"Pierpaolo Pierani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierpaolo Pierani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Siena; Siena Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Siena; Siena Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.8779000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.8779000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.09549999982118607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-research-funding","display_name":"government research funding","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-research","display_name":"agricultural research","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italian-agriculture","display_name":"Italian agriculture","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-function","display_name":"cost function","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-fixed-costs","display_name":"quasi-fixed costs","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-returns-to-scale","display_name":"variable returns to scale","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporary-equilibrium","display_name":"temporary equilibrium","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scale","display_name":"economies of scale","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-stock","display_name":"R&D capital","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-prices","display_name":"shadow prices","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underinvestment","display_name":"underinvestment","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-innovation-hypothesis","display_name":"induced innovation hypothesis","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-rate-of-return","display_name":"internal rate of return","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-factor-productivity-growth","display_name":"total factor productivity growth","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-decomposition","display_name":"productivity decomposition","score":0.30399999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.727233350276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.645005464553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157171","display_name":"Renting","level":2,"score":0.6145665645599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.6137096285820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139748260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308839","display_name":"Shadow price","level":2,"score":0.5764560699462891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120009192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Total factor productivity","level":3,"score":0.5758978128433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165083353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282942","display_name":"Returns to scale","level":3,"score":0.5182650089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.48124122619628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44344061613082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.42764484882354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41079574823379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.37308675050735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3581829071044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3014572262763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09632191061973572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09048452973365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:anc:wpaper:176","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://docs.dises.univpm.it/web/quaderni/pdf/176.pdf","pdf_url":"http://docs.dises.univpm.it/web/quaderni/pdf/176.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3122870534","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:anc:wpaper:176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.univpm.it:11566/37110","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11566/37110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402571","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche (Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","host_organization_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4359000027179718,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099563632","https://openalex.org/W152578053","https://openalex.org/W1553137984","https://openalex.org/W6945209373","https://openalex.org/W2078676560","https://openalex.org/W1550185978","https://openalex.org/W4214835134","https://openalex.org/W55562699","https://openalex.org/W2884860963","https://openalex.org/W2081333811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3,43,57],"the":[4,13,22,54,61,67,72,79,91,95,98],"role":[5],"of":[6,21,27,49,53,74,97,101],"public":[7,82],"research":[8,83],"in":[9,85],"Italian":[10],"agriculture":[11,86],"during":[12],"period":[14],"1960":[15],"to":[16],"1995.":[17],"A":[18,87],"short-term":[19],"specification":[20],"GL":[23],"cost":[24],"function":[25],"capable":[26],"accommodating":[28],"quasi-fixed":[29],"factors":[30],"and":[31,38,64,78,103],"variable":[32],"returns":[33,102],"is":[34],"employed.":[35],"Temporary":[36],"equilibrium":[37],"scale":[39],"economies":[40],"are":[41,107],"investigated":[42],"special":[44],"emphasis":[45],"on":[46,71],"methodological":[47],"implications":[48],"R&D":[50],"stock":[51],"and;consistency":[52],"estimated":[55],"model":[56,68],"microeconomic":[58],"theory.":[59],"Confronting":[60],"relevant":[62],"shadow":[63],"rental":[65],"price":[66],"provides":[69],"evidence":[70],"topics":[73],"under":[75],"(over)":[76],"investment":[77],"rationale":[80],"driving":[81],"expenditure":[84],"formal":[88],"test":[89],"for":[90],"induced":[92],"innovation":[93],"hypothesis,":[94],"calculation":[96],"internal":[99],"rate":[100],"TFP":[104],"growth":[105],"decomposition":[106],"also":[108],"considered.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}