{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122866417","doi":null,"title":"Intimate Partner Violence in sub-Saharan Africa: Characteristics, Patterns, and Multi-Level Influences","display_name":"Intimate Partner Violence in sub-Saharan Africa: Characteristics, Patterns, and Multi-Level Influences","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122866417","mag":"3122866417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-8978","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7832","pdf_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7832","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061948410","display_name":"Amy Peirone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-7809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-7809"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amy Peirone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8155-7809","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061948410"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12462","display_name":"Elder Abuse and Neglect","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intimate-partner-violence","display_name":"intimate partner violence","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health","display_name":"women's health","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-violence","display_name":"physical violence","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-violence","display_name":"sexual violence","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-abuse","display_name":"emotional abuse","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-severity","display_name":"violence severity","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-analysis","display_name":"multilevel analysis","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-class-analysis","display_name":"latent class analysis","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uganda","display_name":"Uganda","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-based-violence","display_name":"gender-based violence","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-against-women","display_name":"violence against women","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-seeking-behavior","display_name":"health-seeking behavior","score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/help-seeking-facilitators","display_name":"help-seeking facilitators","score":0.5210000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4339751601219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542059537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156537","display_name":"Domestic violence","level":4,"score":0.4149044156074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.35269850492477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.3126804232597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.23823246359825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13417407870292664}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-8978","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7832","pdf_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwindsor.scholaris.ca:20.500.14776/8175","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14776/8175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:3122866417","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8978&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholar.uwindsor.ca:etd-8978","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7832","pdf_url":"https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400430","display_name":"Scholarship at UWindsor (University of Windsor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","host_organization_name":"University of Windsor","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Theses and Dissertations","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3122866417.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3122866417.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2464441261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154451117","https://openalex.org/W7154890131","https://openalex.org/W3204925264","https://openalex.org/W7156204459","https://openalex.org/W4362736439","https://openalex.org/W3096861353","https://openalex.org/W3134081322","https://openalex.org/W3012984956","https://openalex.org/W2054248519","https://openalex.org/W7137514706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Approximately":[0],"one-third":[1],"of":[2,22,34,53,78,84,125,131,153,168,177,221,230,262,275,279,307,319,328,335,353,366,378,388,395,400,415,426,462,472,480,536],"women":[3,30,109,173,235,266,301,320,354,367],"across":[4,428,493],"the":[5,79,87,126,147,166,186,203,207,218,228,252,273,333,371,393,424,433,437,458,475,486,494,498,524],"globe":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"raped":[9],"and/or":[10],"assaulted":[11],"by":[12,198,332,485],"an":[13,189,195],"intimate":[14,23,54],"partner":[15,24,55],"in":[16,31,51,99,110,113,141,209,236,267,392,432,547],"their":[17],"lifetimes,":[18],"with":[19,123,194],"these":[20,38,181,225,242,534,543],"rates":[21,130],"violence":[25,56,309],"(IPV)":[26],"exceeding":[27],"50%":[28],"for":[29,150,520,526],"some":[32],"areas":[33],"sub-Saharan":[35,114,269],"Africa.":[36,270],"Despite":[37],"prevalence":[39,129],"rates,":[40],"however,":[41],"there":[42,258],"is":[43,245,423,442],"little":[44],"empirical":[45],"work":[46],"that":[47,213,257,390,412,439,465,467,528],"explores":[48],"potential":[49,148],"differences":[50],"experiences":[52,143,232,365,411],"(IPV).":[57],"Research":[58],"tends":[59,450],"to":[60,90,95,138,145,164,202,205,217,451,500,516,530,539],"oversimplify":[61],"IPV,":[62,85,178,330],"viewing":[63],"it":[64],"as":[65],"a":[66,72,120,247,276,285,304,317,351],"unitary":[67],"homogenous":[68,248],"experience,":[69,74],"rather":[70],"than":[71],"multifaceted":[73],"limiting":[75],"our":[76],"understanding":[77],"different":[80,151,260,376,478],"types":[81,152,176,182,220,261,377,387,535,544],"or":[82,396,550],"variations":[83],"and":[86,103,118,144,157,179,239,289,344,350,382,406,418,454,457,509,541],"factors":[88,208,492,514],"related":[89,216,515],"them.":[91],"This":[92],"research":[93,449,527],"begins":[94],"address":[96],"this":[97],"gap":[98],"knowledge":[100],"using":[101],"Demographic":[102],"Health":[104],"Survey":[105],"data":[106],"collected":[107],"from":[108,224,251,444],"three":[111],"countries":[112],"Africa":[115],"(Kenya,":[116],"Tanzania,":[117,238],"Uganda),":[119],"world":[121],"region":[122],"one":[124],"highest":[127],"lifetime":[128],"IPV.":[132,154,222,280,379],"Three":[133],"exploratory":[134],"analyses":[135,156,160,226],"were":[136,162,214,482],"conducted":[137],"model":[139,191,204,278],"diversity":[140],"IPV":[142,169,231,244,263,292,341,347,357,441,446,464,473,481,517,537],"examine":[146],"covariates":[149,201,505,511],"Descriptive":[155],"latent":[158,253],"class":[159,254,297,318,352,362],"(LCA)":[161],"used":[163],"assess":[165],"nature":[167],"experiences,":[170],"including":[171,523],"whether":[172,542],"experience":[174],"distinct":[175,219,443,460],"what":[180,533],"look":[183],"like.":[184],"In":[185],"final":[187],"analysis,":[188],"LCA":[190,271],"was":[192],"combined":[193],"ecological":[196],"framework,":[197],"adding":[199],"multi-level":[200,487],"identify":[206],"women\u2019s":[210],"social-ecological":[211,495],"environment":[212],"differentially":[215,484],"Findings":[223],"support":[227],"study":[229],"collectively":[233],"among":[234,265],"Kenya,":[237],"Uganda.":[240],"For":[241],"women,":[243,540],"not":[246,368,468,502],"experience.":[249],"Results":[250],"analysis":[255],"demonstrate":[256],"are":[259,474,545,553,556],"experienced":[264],"eastern":[268],"supported":[272],"selection":[274],"five-class":[277],"The":[281,294,312],"five":[282],"classes":[283,315,327,374,479],"include":[284,413,501],"No":[286,295,434],"Violence":[287,296,435],"class,":[288,436],"four":[290,314,373],"additional":[291],"classes.":[293],"(Class":[298,324,342,348,358],"1)":[299],"included":[300,316],"who":[302],"had":[303],"low":[305,398],"likelihood":[306,399],"experiencing":[308,321,355,369],"(<":[310],"1%).":[311],"remaining":[313,372],"Predominantly":[322],"Control":[323],"2),":[325],"two":[326,459],"physical":[329,401,419,445,453,463,470],"distinguished":[331],"severity":[334],"abuse":[336,389,417],"(e.g.,":[337],"Less":[338],"Severe":[339,345],"Physical":[340,346],"3),":[343],"4)),":[349],"Sexual":[356,440],"5).":[359],"So,":[360],"while":[361,403],"1":[363],"represents":[364],"violence,":[370,402],"describe":[375,409],"Class":[380,383,404,407],"2":[381],"5":[384],"both":[385],"characterize":[386],"occur":[391],"absence":[394],"very":[397],"3":[405],"4":[408],"abusive":[410],"elements":[414],"emotional":[416],"abuse.":[420],"Noteworthy":[421],"here":[422],"pervasiveness":[425],"control":[427],"all":[429,469],"classes,":[430],"even":[431],"finding":[438],"(as":[447],"most":[448],"combine":[452],"sexual":[455],"IPV),":[456],"forms":[461,471],"suggest":[466],"same.":[476],"These":[477],"influenced":[483],"(micro-,":[488],"meso-,":[489],"exo-,":[490],"macro-)":[491],"context,":[496],"illuminating":[497],"need":[499,525],"only":[503],"individual-level":[504],"but":[506],"also":[507],"relationship-level":[508],"community-level":[510],"when":[512],"assessing":[513],"experiences.":[518],"Implications":[519],"future":[521],"research,":[522],"seeks":[529],"understand":[531],"in-depth":[532],"mean":[538],"evident":[546],"other":[548],"locations,":[549],"if":[551],"they":[552],"regionally":[554],"specific":[555],"discussed.":[557]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}
