{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122588397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","title":"Collective Protest and Expressive Action Among University Students in Hong Kong: Associations Between Offline and Online Forms of Political Participation","display_name":"Collective Protest and Expressive Action Among University Students in Hong Kong: Associations Between Offline and Online Forms of Political Participation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122588397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","mag":"3122588397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231853","display_name":"Frontiers in Political Science","issn_l":"2673-3145","issn":["2673-3145"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Political Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064392919","display_name":"Frank Reichert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-5082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0692-5082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Reichert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong",", Hong Kong, SAR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Hong Kong, SAR China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064392919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"apc_paid":{"value":950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":950},"fwci":3.9696,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93018078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14038","display_name":"Youth, Politics, and Society","score":0.033900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12785","display_name":"Hong Kong and Taiwan Politics","score":0.02370000071823597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-political-participation","display_name":"youth political participation","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-protest","display_name":"collective protest","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expressive-action","display_name":"expressive action","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-political-participation","display_name":"online political participation","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offline-political-participation","display_name":"offline political participation","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hong-kong","display_name":"Hong Kong","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"social media","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-apathy","display_name":"political apathy","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adults","display_name":"young adults","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-lagged-panel-model","display_name":"cross-lagged panel model","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780102126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10928179","display_name":"Online and offline","level":2,"score":0.7537474632263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.701941967010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4583103","display_name":"Preparedness","level":2,"score":0.6300760507583618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6181710362434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6079657077789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6038499474525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994188298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769620","display_name":"Political action","level":3,"score":0.5167979001998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777932401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471594","display_name":"Collective action","level":3,"score":0.49217358231544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777897704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7210296","display_name":"Political efficacy","level":3,"score":0.46739041805267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4421718716621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41785502433776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4126337170600891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.39104366302490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11316561698913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231853","display_name":"Frontiers in Political Science","issn_l":"2673-3145","issn":["2673-3145"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Political Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/295746","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/295746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gesis.izsoz.de:document/71316","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/71316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401996","display_name":"Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS \u2013 Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210101898","host_organization_name":"GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101898"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Political Science","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2020.608203/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231853","display_name":"Frontiers in Political Science","issn_l":"2673-3145","issn":["2673-3145"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Political Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318062","display_name":"Policy Innovation and Co-ordination Office","ror":"https://ror.org/052p8vb75"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3122588397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3122588397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480037753","https://openalex.org/W1554457468","https://openalex.org/W1581668075","https://openalex.org/W1968135410","https://openalex.org/W2025993355","https://openalex.org/W2062653525","https://openalex.org/W2099147692","https://openalex.org/W2102067093","https://openalex.org/W2108014088","https://openalex.org/W2152065513","https://openalex.org/W2152525011","https://openalex.org/W2249040716","https://openalex.org/W2294697185","https://openalex.org/W2313193978","https://openalex.org/W2316888812","https://openalex.org/W2408573612","https://openalex.org/W2421076889","https://openalex.org/W2494253909","https://openalex.org/W2497991059","https://openalex.org/W2529968227","https://openalex.org/W2538208634","https://openalex.org/W2597183370","https://openalex.org/W2598462891","https://openalex.org/W2616656029","https://openalex.org/W2730965895","https://openalex.org/W2741254394","https://openalex.org/W2760844311","https://openalex.org/W2780110763","https://openalex.org/W2782804901","https://openalex.org/W2786448805","https://openalex.org/W2898534870","https://openalex.org/W2951809344","https://openalex.org/W2961352089","https://openalex.org/W2977481579","https://openalex.org/W2981271131","https://openalex.org/W2995237826","https://openalex.org/W2996317868","https://openalex.org/W2998212813","https://openalex.org/W2999888315","https://openalex.org/W3006391935","https://openalex.org/W3007998585","https://openalex.org/W3021592315","https://openalex.org/W3025633499","https://openalex.org/W3047663758","https://openalex.org/W3088036073","https://openalex.org/W4205325953","https://openalex.org/W4236186262","https://openalex.org/W4248171805","https://openalex.org/W4250094926"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286846274","https://openalex.org/W2951809344","https://openalex.org/W2313193978","https://openalex.org/W3208351075","https://openalex.org/W3114509790","https://openalex.org/W1997473111","https://openalex.org/W2604690951","https://openalex.org/W2738483614","https://openalex.org/W2999888315","https://openalex.org/W72943474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Youth":[0],"have":[1,39],"often":[2],"been":[3,41],"described":[4],"as":[5,43,212],"politically":[6,50],"apathetic":[7],"or":[8],"disengaged,":[9],"particularly":[10],"with":[11,139,171,221],"respect":[12],"to":[13,22,48,107,126,148,153],"more":[14,122],"conventional":[15],"forms":[16,57],"of":[17,26,58,80,177,195,216],"participation.":[18,174],"However,":[19,111],"they":[20,30,101,112,136],"tend":[21],"prefer":[23],"non-institutionalized":[24],"modes":[25],"political":[27,133,167,189,217],"action":[28],"and":[29,60,82,118,124,142,157,187,198],"may":[31,93],"express":[32],"themselves":[33],"on":[34,119,183,224],"the":[35,75,105,120,192,202,225],"Internet.":[36,226],"Young":[37],"people":[38],"also":[40],"recognized":[42],"having":[44],"a":[45,213],"\u201clatent":[46],"preparedness\u201d":[47],"get":[49],"active":[51,97],"when":[52,100,135,219],"needed.":[53],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"reports":[56],"offline":[59,166,186,209],"online":[61,173,188],"participation":[62,130,134,164,184,207,218,223],"adopted":[63],"by":[64],"young":[65,91],"adults":[66,92],"in":[67,98,115,165,180,185,208],"Hong":[68],"Kong":[69],"who":[70],"were":[71],"surveyed":[72],"shortly":[73],"before":[74],"anti-extradition":[76],"bill":[77],"social":[78,196],"movement":[79],"2019":[81],"1":[83],"year":[84],"later.":[85],"The":[86],"results":[87],"tentatively":[88],"suggest":[89],"that":[90,162],"not":[94,103],"be":[95,154],"very":[96],"politics":[99],"do":[102],"perceive":[104],"need":[106],"bring":[108],"about":[109],"change.":[110],"are":[113,137],"involved":[114],"expressive":[116],"activities":[117,168,190,210],"Internet":[121],"broadly,":[123],"ready":[125],"turn":[127],"their":[128,146,172],"latent":[129],"into":[131],"concrete":[132],"dissatisfied":[138],"government":[140],"actions":[141],"believe":[143],"it":[144],"is":[145,169],"responsibility":[147],"act":[149],"against":[150],"laws":[151],"perceived":[152],"unjust.":[155],"Cross-sectional":[156],"cross-lagged":[158],"panel":[159],"analyses":[160],"show":[161,191],"youth\u2019s":[163],"associated":[170],"Positive":[175],"effects":[176],"past":[178],"experiences":[179],"each":[181],"mode":[182],"mobilizing":[193],"potential":[194],"media":[197],"provide":[199],"support":[200],"for":[201],"reinforcement":[203],"hypothesis,":[204],"though":[205],"previous":[206],"appears":[211],"better":[214],"predictor":[215],"compared":[220],"prior":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2021-02-01T00:00:00"}